<p>The First National Bank  building in Long Beach, California is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The original bank building had three stories, which were surpassed in 1906 with the current building, designed by Los Angeles architects Robert F. Train and Robert E. Williams. The distinctive clock tower with its six-foot-diameter clock face was added in 1907. The structure was designed in a French Renaissance Revival style utilizing pressed yellow brick on the street sides and common red brick on the remaining two sides.</p><br>
<p>A number of bank tenants have occupied the building, including (in order):</p><br>
<p>The First National Bank of Long Beach (5456) (1906-1925)</p><br>
<p>The California National Bank of Long Beach (11873) (1925-1929)</p><br>
<p>California First National Bank of Long Beach (11873) (1929-1936)</p><br>
<p>Bank of America, National Trust & Savings Association (13044) 1936 to sometime in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>During the 1950s, many of the original decorative elements such as the decorative cornice were removed or covered as part of modernizations efforts. In the 1980s, federal tax incentives motivated a project to restore the building to its original look and to repair the clock tower. Today, the ground floor of the building houses a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Edough Massif, Edough Mountains or Djebel Edough  is a mountain range of the Maghreb area in Northern Africa.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>These mountains are a segment of the Tell Atlas alpine chain of eastern Algeria that is part of the wider Atlas Range. The Edough Massif stretches between the Cap de Garde and the Cap de Fer.</p><br>
<p>The highest point of the massif is the Bou Zizi (1008 m), located between Annaba and El Marsa.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, these mountains are a Miocene crystalline metamorphic core complex.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Edough Massif has a Mediterranean forest cover where the cork oak (Quercus suber), a hardy Mediterranean tree, predominates. Snow is not rare in the winter and the mountains are often covered with fog, which allows ferns to grow among the undergrowth.</p><br>
<p>The forest of the Edough Massif is very vulnerable to wildfires. Vast surfaces have been burned in the last decades.</p><br>
<p>The Edough Massif was the last home of the lion (Panthera leo) in North Africa. The last lion of Algeria was killed in the Edough Massif in 1890.</p><br>
<p>The massif is also the natural habitat of the Edough ribbed newt (Pleurodeles poireti), an endangered species. The vulnerable North African Fire Salamander (Salamandra algira) is also found in the range. Edoughnura, a genus of springtails belonging to the Neanuridae subfamily, is named after this range.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Lakawon, also called Llacaon, is a 13 hectare, banana-shaped island off the coast of Cadiz in the northern portion of Negros Occidental, a province in the Negros Island Region of the Philippines. A white sand beach resort on the island, a family-run business, is a popular destination for both local and foreign tourists.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The term Lakawon is derived from a Cebuano word lakaw, meaning "to walk". The island may have gotten its name because during low tide, one has to literally walk or wade a long distance to or from the main island.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Lakawon is 48 km north of Bacolod City, the provincial capital. The island is accessible from the coast of Barangay Cadiz Viejo via a 20-minute boat ride. Lakawon&#39;s white sand beach is claimed to rival that of Boracay, a popular island resort off the coast of Aklan in Panay. In stark contrast to its more famous counterpart, however, Lakawon has a smaller influx of tourists, and the island is not commercially developed.</p><br>
<p>The island is more akin to a sandbar. The white sand beaches are largely on the part of the island facing the island of Negros. The opposite portion, facing the open sea, is more rugged. There is a small fishing village on one side of the island. The inhabitants there earn their living from harvesting the sea&#39;s bounty.</p><br>
<h2>As a destination</h2><br>
<p>Cadiz Viejo, which is the nearest mainland point to the island, may be accessed via private or public transportation. From Bacolod City, or any point of Negros, jeepney drivers are available for hire. One may also take Ceres Liner buses from any of the cities and municipalities in the province. From the national highway in Cadiz Viejo, a dirt road leads to the shore. The island is visible from here and parking space is available. The ride to the island by motorized banca takes about 20 minutes. It is best to arrive in the morning during high tide&ndash;the waters will be calmer and there will be less wading required to get to the boat.</p><br>
<h2>Typhoon Haiyan</h2><br>
<p>Residents of Lakawon Island in Cadiz City said that of the ~280 houses in the island, only about 10 were left intact after Typhoon Haiyan (named Yolanda in the Philippines) hit in November of 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Boston–Edison Historic District is a historic neighborhood located in the geographic center of Detroit, Michigan. It consists of over 900 homes built on four east/west streets: West Boston Boulevard, Chicago Boulevard, Longfellow Avenue, and Edison Avenue, stretching from Woodward Avenue on the east to Linwood Avenue on the west. It is one of the largest residential historic districts in the nation. and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>A substantial number of prominent Detroiters have lived in the neighborhood. Notable residents have included labor leader Walter P. Reuther, Rabbi Morris Adler, Detroit Tigers Harry Heilmann and Dizzy Trout, Michigan Supreme Court justices Franz C. Kuhn and Henry Butzel, USA Representative Vincent M. Brennan, Michigan governor Harry Kelly, boxer Joe Louis, druggist Sidney Barthwell, Congressman Charles C. Diggs, Jr., Motown record label founder Berry Gordy, Detroit Tiger Willie Horton, and dentist and pioneering WCHB radio station owner Wendell F. Cox.</p><br>
<p>The District boasts the oldest continuous neighborhood association in the City, the Historic Boston–Edison Association, which was founded in 1921. The District received historic designation from the Michigan State Historic Preservation Office in 1973, the Detroit Historic District Commission in 1974, and the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Census data from 2000 (which includes the surrounding streets of Atkinson, Clairmount, and Glynn Court) show Boston–Edison has both African-American and Caucasian residents. The homes are owned by people from diverse occupations and professions.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land now within the boundaries of Boston–Edison was first owned by John R. Williams (who was granted a single parcel in 1822) and Thomas Palmer (who was granted three parcels in 1828 and 1832). These original four grants were transferred from owner to owner over the next fifty years until they were obtained by the Joy family, the Newberry family, and Edward W. Voigt.</p><br>
<p>In 1891, Voigt, foreseeing the growth of Detroit northward, platted out the Voigt Park subdivision, consisting of seven east/west streets between Woodward and Hamilton: Calvert Avenue, Glynn Court, Schiller Esplanade, Shakespeare Esplanade, Longfellow Avenue, Edison Avenue, and Atkinson Avenue. Four of these streets—Schiller Esplanade (now Boston Boulevard), Shakespeare Esplanade (now Chicago Boulevard), Longfellow Avenue, and Edison Avenue—formed the Boston–Edison neighborhood. The location of the neighborhood park was originally to have been between Chicago and Boston Boulevards, but was later changed to be situated between Longfellow and Edison Avenues.</p><br>
<p>Voigt Park subdivision was immediately incorporated into the City of Detroit. Voigt platted spacious lots and set building restrictions that established the unique character of the neighborhood. In 1915, Henry B. Joy platted the Joy Farms Subdivision between 12th Street and Linwood. Both of these subdivisions were annexed by the City of Detroit by 1915.</p><br>
<p>The first homes built in the Boston–Edison Historic District were occupied in 1905, with the majority of the homes built between 1905 and 1925. Each of the homes in the neighborhood is unique. Although the homes are unique in style, homes along the streetscape are generally uniform in roofline, scale, setback from the street, and in the use of stone, brick or wood construction. This uniformity creates a gracious suburban ambiance.</p><br>
<h3>Original residents</h3><br>
<p>One of the earliest residents of the Boston–Edison neighborhood, Henry Ford, Ford and his wife, Clara, moved in the next year, living in the neighborhood until 1915, when they relocated to Fair Lane, their estate in Dearborn. During the time that Ford lived in Boston–Edison, his introduction of the Model T, mass production methods, and wage-price theories revolutionized American industry. Above the garage (behind the house), Henry Ford built a machine shop for his son Edsel to support and encourage Edsel&#39;s interest in automobile design. A State of Michigan Historical Marker, describing the history and significance of the home, is located on the front lawn.</p><br>
<p>Henry Ford was only the first of many automotive pioneers to live in the Boston–Edison community. and Alexander Y. Malcomson, lived in the adjoining Arden Park-East Boston neighborhood.) They were followed by other early and important Ford collaborators such as Peter E. Martin, C. Harold Wills, and Clarence W. Avery. In addition, other early automobile pioneers such as Walter Briggs, Sr. of Briggs Manufacturing Co, four of the Fisher brothers (of Fisher Body), Charles Lambert of Regal Motor Car Co., John W. Drake of Hupp Motor Car Co., and William E. Metzger of Cadillac and E-M-F. likewise built homes in Boston–Edison.</p><br>
<p>Other prominent Detroit businessmen lived in Boston–Edison during the early years of the neighborhood, including Sebastian S. Kresge (founder of the S.S. Kresge Company—later Kmart), Benjamin Siegel (founder of a major early clothing store), and J. L. Webber (nephew of J. L. Hudson). Other notable early residents included conductor Ossip Gabrilowitsch and his wife Clara Clemens, Detroit Tigers owner Frank Navin, Detroit Tigers player Ty Cobb (on nearby Atkinson Avenue at Third), historian Clarence M. Burton, and Rabbi Leo M. Franklin.</p><br>
<p>During the early history of Boston–Edison, three factors influenced the character of the community. First was a tendency for employees and business associates to live in a cluster, as early associates of Henry Ford did. In addition, six employees of S.S. Kresge lived in the neighborhood. Secondly, was the tendency of several family members to live in close range. In addition to the four Fisher brothers (a fifth brother, Frederic, lived in the adjacent Arden Park-East Boston neighborhood), a number of Benjamin Siegels relatives lived in the neighborhood, as did a number of Wagner family members (owners of Wagners bakery). A third factor was the construction of Henry Ford Hospital in 1915, only a mile south of the neighborhood. Twenty-three physicians built homes in Boston–Edison.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Residents are zoned to schools in the Detroit Public Schools district. Durfee K-8 and Loving and Thirkell elementary schools serve separate sections of the neighborhood for elementary school. All of Boston–Edison is zoned to Durfee K-8 for middle school. All residents are zoned to Central High School.</p><br>
<p>Previously Hutchins Middle School served portions of Boston–Edison.</p><br>
<p>The Thaddeus Hait Farm is located on Allhusen Road near the hamlet of Modena in the town of Plattekill, New York, United States. It is a 142 acre property on both sides of the road consisting of 15 contributing properties in two distinct groups, together comprising a mostly intact early 19th-century family farm still used for that purpose today.</p><br>
<p>Hait, a member of a prosperous Westchester County family, bought the original 97 acres (39 ha) in 1819. At the time the road was the busy Milton Turnpike, carrying much traffic from distilleries. Over the next nine years, he built the farm up with purchases adding 35 acre, setting it into its present form. His grandson sold it in 1888. Two other owners later, in 1906, the Allhusen family after whom the road was renamed bought it for dairy farming and kept it until 1973. After some more transitional owners, it came to the Adairs, who returned to the property&#39;s roots by going into winemaking. Today, Adair Vineyards produces 20,000 bottles annually of Seyval blanc, Vignoles, Foch and Millot, on 100 acres (40 ha). Their tasting facility is on the south side of the road east of the house.</p><br>
<p>The main house, on the road a short distance from the Shuart-Van Orden Stone House, is a Federal style home built around 1825 from a mix of wood and stone, an unusual combination in that style. A frame extension of the west wing was added in the late 19th century. Originally the front was sided in clapboard with a cornice and frieze; that was replaced with cedar in the 1950s. The interior retains much of the original molding. Near the house are ancillary agricultural structures, such as a stone barn (an unusual material for the area) that appears to have built around the same time as the house, a later wood barn of an identical configuration as the first.</p><br>
<p>The other group, south of the road, is centered on a New World Dutch barn, older than the main house. Originally constructed, like other Dutch barns, for wheat farming, it was adapted for winemaking around 1986. Its outbuildings include a smokehouse, icehouse and 1873 granary. An outhouse dates to the early 20th century. There is also the remains of a foundation of a late 18th or early 19th-century stone house and a well that served it.</p><br>
<p>The Little Loomhouse is a place on the National Register of Historic Places in the Kenwood Hill neighborhood on the south side of Louisville, Kentucky. It consists of three cabins constructed between 1870 and 1896: Esta Cabin, Tophouse, and Wisteria Cabin. It not only displays weavings, but has active education and resident artist programs. The organization participates in several local festivals, giving demonstrations of spinning, dyeing, and weaving. It is the biggest repository of original and classic textile patterns in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Among the history of the cabins have been the visits of past First Ladies of the United States, and the creation of the song Happy Birthday to You. However, it is in constant state of defending against deterioration.</p><br>
<h2>Esta Cabin</h2><br>
<p>The Esta Cabin encapsulates the history of the Loomhouse, and is the cabin where the song "Happy Birthday to You" was first sung. Displays of weaving decorate the interior.</p><br>
<h2>Other cabins</h2><br>
<p>Wisteria, which houses the office and giftshop, was built in 1895 and similarly became endangered. In fact, it had to be closed for years due to erosion damage; in 1986, Jefferson County Judge/Executive Harvey Sloane helped in a rededication ceremony celebrating the restoration of the cabin.</p><br>
<p>The Tophouse was built as a summer home for the well-to-do Sam Stone Bush in 1896. It was made of oak harvested from the hill upon which it stands. It was acquired by Tate in 1939 for using her looms. Since that time it has been used for looms, save during World War II when supplies dwindled, and she rented out the cabin for both funding and providing a defense worker&#39;s family a place to live. Although endangered by development in the 1960s and 1970s, it still stands today as the home of the looms from which the Little Loomhouse gains its name, and where weaving is still taught.</p><br>
<h2>Collective history</h2><br>
<p>For many years the Loomhouse has sold a small portable table loom designed by First Lady Lou Henry Hoover, wife of President Herbert Hoover.</p><br>
<p>In his 1948 visit to Louisville, Frank Lloyd Wright praised both the cabins and the setting. In 1940, he described it as "board-and-batten summer houses, set down in the dignity of nature".</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the cabins were deteriorating. Stefanie Buzan put it succinctly: "They werent built to last this long." Problems include tree trimming, sagging floors, and preventing the cabins from falling down the side of Kenwood Hill by using reinforcements. It is hoped that a second edition of Buzans book will raise funds for these needed repairs, as the money made normally by the Loomhouse is not enough for the needed repairs.</p><br>
<p>The Old Marengo County Courthouse, built in 1850, is a Greek Revival courthouse building located in Linden, Alabama, USA. It was the third building to serve as the courthouse for Marengo County, Alabama, out of a total of five purpose-built courthouses. The courthouse was the site of a notable event on 9 October 1890 when nationally infamous train-robber and outlaw Reuben Houston "Rube" Burrow was shot and killed in the street in front of the building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After Marengo became a county in 1818, the first building to serve as a courthouse was a simple one-room log cabin. This was too small to meet the needs of the county and on 25 May 1825 the county commissioners met and resolved to have a new two-story structure built on Cahaba Avenue, Linden&#39;s business district at that time. This second courthouse was finished in 1827 and was used until it burned in 1848. This saw the construction of the third building in 1850, on the site of the old. The new building would serve as the courthouse continuously, except for a brief period during Federal Reconstruction when the county seat was moved to Demopolis, until 1902.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, the county commissioners decided that a much larger courthouse was needed. They also decided that a better location was needed, as the business district of Linden had shifted to a location about a mile to the southeast. A new three-story Richardsonian Romanesque style courthouse with a five-story clock tower was then built at the corner of North Main Street and East Coats Avenue, leaving the old courthouse for use as a public school. In 1915 the building was purchased by the Missionary Society of Linden Baptist Church, for use as a church. In 1949 the building was sold to the Veterans of Foreign Wars organization for use as a meeting hall. From the 1960s until the present the building has sat largely empty and unused.</p><br>
<p>Lake Buchanan is a flat salt lake at Pentland in North Queensland, Australia. It is approximately 28 km long and 8 km wide at its widest point, with a surface area of about 117 km². It is part of the Thomson River catchment and part of the Desert Uplands bioregion.</p><br>
<p>Lake Buchanan is different from all other salt lakes in Australia because it occurs at a high elevation - on the Great Dividing Range. The lake is shallow and the water tends to be brackish. Land around the lake is used for grazing.</p><br>
<p>Lake Buchanan contains a number of significant species which are newly discovered and most probably endemic. These include the Lake Buchanan button grass, fringing rush, Lake Buchanan fringe rush, Lawrenica buchananensis (Malvaceae), and Buchanan’s fairy shrimp. The Lake Buchanan blue bush is a threatened species belonging to the Chenopodium genus.</p><br>
<p>Lake Galilee is a semi-arid saline lake located in the Desert Uplands region of Central West Queensland. The lake is about 36 kilometres long, up to 12.5 kilometres wide and covers approximately 25,700 hectares.</p><br>
<p>Lake Galilee is registered on the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA) and provides an important refuge and breeding site for waterbirds. It has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it regularly supports over 1% of the world populations of freckled ducks and grey teals. and possibly more than 1% of the world population of other waterbirds and shorebirds.</p><br>
<p>The weed Parkinsonia is posing as an environmental threat to the lake as are feral animals, grazing impacts and tourism pressures. The group of property owners adjacent to the lake are working with local natural resource management groups (Desert Uplands Committee and Desert Channels Queensland) to manage these threats.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lake covers approximately 25,700 hectares with a perimeter of 236.7 kilometres. It extends 36 km in a northeast-southwest direction, and is up to 12.5 km wide, with a maximum depth of less than two metres. It has a complex shoreline characterised by many small bays. There are three large islands to the south formed by partial infilling by alluvial sands and clays, which have been carried in by numerous streams.</p><br>
<p>The water is fresh when full but becomes brackish from leached terrestrial salts as it dries. Water varies from fresh and milky coloured when recently inundated and well into the dry season, to hyposaline in the deepest, southern parts of the lake, which take the longest to dry out. The northern half of the lake is more persistently fresh. Lake Galilee falls within the 508 to 610 mm isohyets, with the rain predominantly falling in the summer months from December to March. However, in 2010 there was over 1,000 mm in the catchment.</p><br>
<p>Together with the smaller Lake Buchanan to the north, Lake Galilee represents a rare type of lake in Australia. Both lake basins represent tectonic depressions created by movements deep in the earth’s crust; they have relatively small catchments and are bordered by the Great Dividing Range.</p><br>
<p>Wind-borne clay, silt and sand have formed accompanying low fringing dunes, known as lunettes, around the lake. Landforms and vegetation may be exposed or covered by water depending on depth of water. Diversity and complexity are likely to be greatest when the lake is below maximum depth but above half-full depth.</p><br>
<h2>Wetland management profile</h2><br>
<p>Semi-arid saline lakes occur in internal (closed) drainage basins where the annual average rainfall is less than 500 mm. Water supply is mainly from the creeks of local catchments with infrequent major rain events providing most of the inflows. In-flowing water is invariably fresh, but becomes brackish or saline over time as the lake dries out.</p><br>
<p>Salinity is due to the pre-existence of salts in the soil and weathered bedrock, and salinity levels range from low (hyposaline) to high (hypersaline). Only a few lakes are distinctly saline for most of the wetting and drying cycle and a single lake may exhibit a mix of both fresh and saline water conditions at one time depending on its topography and the location of the tributaries that carry water into the lake.</p><br>
<p>The characteristic landform of an almost flat, shallow, terminal lakebed in an arid and semi-arid zone is commonly called a playa. In dry times, playas consist of cracking clay flats that can be crusted and hardened to varying degrees depending on their substrate and position in the landscape, and sometimes might be covered in a thin layer of soluble salt deposits. Some lakebeds are devoid of vegetation, but others support diverse communities of forbs and grasses as they dry out, which make them a valuable potential grazing resource. When they contain water, arid and semi-arid lakes can also support highly productive aquatic plant beds and algal turfs that are an important component of the food chain.</p><br>
<p>This profile covers the habitat types of a wetland termed semi-arid saline lake, located on cattle grazing properties in the Desert Uplands bioregion of Central West Queensland. It highlights the steps being taken to preserve the biodiversity and natural heritage.</p><br>
<h3>Wetland habitats</h3><br>
<p>This large lake has six major wetland habitats and include:</p><br>
<p>Dry saline clay flats which are seasonally flooded</p><br>
<p>Fringing saline flats on the edges of the lake floor covered by low samphire bushes</p><br>
<p>Sandy beaches around the edge of the lake, supporting a woodland of beefwood, other grevilleas, sally wattle and ironwood (Acacia excelsa)</p><br>
<p>Red dunes around the southern part of the lake with gidgee woodland</p><br>
<p>Freshwater swamps behind the dunes, with coolabahs and</p><br>
<p>Fringing areas of open wattle scrub in the saline flood zone.</p><br>
<h3>Rare and threatened ecosystems</h3><br>
<p>Regional ecosystems are assigned a conservation status based on their current extent in a particular bioregion. This status affords the regional ecosystem a level of protection from vegetation clearing. Regional ecosystems are classified as endangered if the area of remnant vegetation for the regional ecosystem is less than 10% of the pre-clearing extent of the regional ecosystem or the area of remnant vegetation for the regional ecosystem is 10% to 30% of the pre-clearing extent of the regional ecosystem and less than 10,000 hectares.</p><br>
<p>Out of the 52 regional ecosystems represented in the Lake Galilee catchment, the eight (listed below), are considered endangered.</p><br>
<p>Palustrine wetland. Mostly water or bare ground. Scattered forbs and grasses including Sclerolaena spp. may occur during dry periods. Occurs on infrequently flooded alluvial plains or fringing sandy closed depressions. (BVG1M: 34d) (10.3.16d)</p><br>
<p>Ironwood +/- beefwood low open woodland on lake fringing dunes over a calcrete hardpan adjacent to lake (10.3.17a)</p><br>
<p>Gidgee woodlands on lakeside dunes (10.3.19). This ecosystem is an unusual occurrence, having significant geomorphic values indicative of past climates. It is endemic to Lake Galilee. The deep fine sandy topsoils have very low fertility and are extremely susceptible to wind erosion. It is largely cleared for pasture development. Remnants are heavy infested with buffel grass. In December 2006, remnant extent was &lt; 10,000 ha and 10-30% of the pre-clearing area remained, endangered under the VMA (Vegetation Management Act) and the Biodivstat</p><br>
<p>False sandalwood low open woodland on alluvial plains (10.3.25)</p><br>
<p>Brigalow and blackbutt low forests grassy or shrubby woodlands (10.4.3a)</p><br>
<p>Blackbutt open woodland on Cainozoic lake beds (10.4.3b)</p><br>
<p>Blackbutt open woodland on Mesozoic sediments (10.9.3a)</p><br>
<p>Brigalow woodland on Mesozoic sediments (10.9.3b).</p><br>
<p>The Regional Ecosystem Description Database (REDD) lists the Biodiversity Status and the Vegetation Management Class (VM class) of each regional ecosystem.</p><br>
<p>A further 13 regional ecosystems are “Of Concern”</p><br>
<h3>Nationally important wetland</h3><br>
<p>Lake Galilee is registered on the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (DIWA). The criteria for determining these nationally important wetlands are agreed to by the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) Wetlands Network in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Lake Galilee fulfilled four of the six criteria for inclusion as follows. It is a good example of a seasonal/intermittent saline lake with seasonal/intermittent freshwater ponds and marshes on inorganic soils in the Desert Uplands Region. It plays an important role in the natural functioning of a major wetland complex. It plays an important role in the natural functioning of a major wetland complex. It is important habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. It supports native plants, animals and ecological communities considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>There are large areas of samphires (Halosarcia spp.) in broad margins across the lake bed and on islands.</p><br>
<p>Only young plants may be palatable to animals as they accumulate salt over time. They also act as sediment and nutrient traps and stabilise the lake edge. While they are capable of withstanding harsh climatic conditions, they are easily destroyed by physical trampling.</p><br>
<p>Other flora species found in the Lake Galilee area include cane grass (Eragrostis australasica) which is extensive in the northern half. Belalie forms tall open shrubland or low woodland in parts of the northern half and in south-eastern bays. The weed parkinsonia occurs extensively together with Belalie in dense thickets in the south-east inlets; Sesbania thickets occur in the northern lake bed and on southern islands, dense marshes of ribbed spike-rush (Eleocharis plana) with aquatics such as Monochoria cyanea and nardoo under shrubs in some south-eastern inlets and creeks. Some of the lake bed is bare.</p><br>
<h2>Birdlife</h2><br>
<p>Lake Galilee represents a rare type of lake in Australia and provides an important refuge and breeding site for waterbirds. Periodically, high numbers of waterbirds occur, ranging from small-bodied species such as grey teal, freckled duck and pink-eared duck, to large species such as Australian pelican, black swan, waders and spoonbills. The bird populations fluctuate with changing water levels.</p><br>
<p>Birdlife Australia recognizes Lake Galilee as an Important bird areas (IBA) as it regularly supports more than 1% of the world population of freckled duck and grey teal and occasionally may support more than 1% of the world population of other waterbirds and shorebirds.</p><br>
<p>A 2008 Wetlands International/ ANU bird survey of Lake Galilee found that the two habitats which support the most breeding waterbirds, are the inundated groves of belalie Acacia stenophylla and dry islands. The inundated belalie groves supported three mixed-species colonies of spoonbills, egrets, ibises and cormorants, ranging from a few tens to several hundreds of active nests. The dry islands supported two colonies of Caspian terns and/or gulls with up to 40 nests, and colonies of breeding pelicans, the largest of which had 2,200 breeding pairs.</p><br>
<h3>Migratory waterbirds</h3><br>
<p>Birds are listed as migratory species under the Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), if they are listed under the Japan - Australia (JAMBA) and China - Australia (CAMBA) Migratory Bird Agreements and the Bonn Convention.</p><br>
<p>Migratory waterbirds make round trip migrations of up to 26,000 km each year between their breeding grounds in the Northern Hemisphere and their non-breeding areas in the south. These trips are made in several weeks, with brief stops at staging sites along the way to rest and refuel for the next leg of their journey.</p><br>
<p>The corridor through which these waterbirds migrate is known as the East Asian - Australasian Flyway (the Flyway). It extends from within the Arctic Circle, through East and South-east Asia, to Australia and New Zealand. Stretching across 22 countries, it is one of eight major waterbird flyways recognised around the globe.</p><br>
<p>Roger Jaensch conducted an aerial bird survey by helicopter around the lake in August 1998 (unpublished) and recorded at least 56,000 individual waterbirds at a series of shallow water bodies in the southern bed of the lake.</p><br>
<p>While five Asian-breeding shorebirds listed under the EPBC Act were recorded at Lake Galilee during a survey conducted by Jaensch and Reid (2008) for Wetlands International in collaboration with Australian National University. They include godwit, marsh sandpiper, common greenshank, sharp-tailed sandpiper and pectoral sandpiper.</p><br>
<p>The survey in May 2008 also recorded 50 species and at least 20,000 individuals and confirming the international-level importance of Lake Galilee in terms of numbers of waterbirds supported. This survey also discovered internationally important numbers (at least 1% of the Flyway population) of sharp-tailed sandpiper across the four main wetlands of the Desert Uplands bioregion; Lakes Galilee, Buchanan and Dunn and Cauckingburra Swamp.</p><br>
<h2>Other fauna (animals)</h2><br>
<p>Bony bream Nematolosa erebi occur at low salinities and frogs occur when the lakes are over-full.</p><br>
<p>Invertebrates occur in low diversity, but in high abundance at middle salinities (they vary with salinity) and include Ostracods or seed shrimps (e.g. Mytilocypris splendida), Copepods (e.g. Boeckella triarticulata), Cladocerans (e.g., water flea Daphnia queenslandensis) some insects (e.g. Tanytarsus barbitarsis) and the Mollusc (Coxiella sp.)</p><br>
<h2>Pastoral settlement history</h2><br>
<p>Pastoral settlement began on the eastern side of Lake Galilee in 1877, when Charles Bowly acquired the Oakley run and stocked it with cattle. The following year he also acquired the “Northmere”, “Powala”, “Eastmere”, “Westmere” and “Southmere” runs with “Eastland” being added in 1883. Together these runs were named “Eastmere” Station.</p><br>
<p>Charles Bowly later regretted having invested in cattle. He wrote to the daughter of Robert Christison, his first employer:</p><br>
<p>“I, to my regret, got tired of sheep and wanted to ride after cattle. I sold out with 6000 cattle and 220 horses after going through five droughts and working for 21 years for the Bank, got £6000 left after 21 years hard work and hard living too, and that is Queensland.”</p><br>
<p>The new owners of “Eastmere” reached the same conclusion and began introducing sheep two years after purchase and had completely changed to sheep in 1913. Charles Bowly was fortunate in selling when he did. The cattle tick invaded the district soon afterwards, killing up to 50% of cattle on some properties. In 1899 the worst drought Queensland had ever experienced set in, and by the time it broke in 1903, 80% of cattle in the district had died.</p><br>
<p>Cattle were reintroduced in very different market conditions in the 1950s and sheep were removed from “Eastmere” in 1966. Over the years other properties were taken up around the lake including “Fleetwood” to the north and west, “Lake Dunn” to the west, and “Clare” and Clunies Creek” – now “Clunievale” - to the south. “Eastmere” first pulled (cleared trees) in 1967, while “Fleetwood” first pulled in 1963. (The clearing of trees is a method of increasing productivity and sustainability of pastoral grazing enterprises in the Desert Uplands).</p><br>
<p>In the early 2000s a biodiversity audit suggested some concern about over-clearing in some ecosystems and said, "the most quantifiable threatening process is broad scale tree clearing", although data collated for 1999 indicated that 87% of the bioregion remained uncleared.</p><br>
<p>Buffel grass was introduced into the Desert Uplands bioregion the late 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Many ecosystems in the Desert Uplands are being invaded by buffel grass, which forms a dense monoculture therefore decreasing the biodiversity of ecosystems Another aspect of invasion by buffel grass is that the buffel plant is very phosphorus- and nitrogen-dependent and a long term run down of phosphorus in the already phosphorus deficient soils of the Desert Uplands may occur leading to a further loss of native plant species.</p><br>
<p>In 1995, the Desert Uplands Build-up and Development Committee was established and has worked with landholders to enhance grazing and ecological sustainability, enterprise profitability and community resilience.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural heritage</h2><br>
<p>All wetland ecosystems are of material and cultural importance to Indigenous people and many will have profound cultural significance and values. The Indigenous peoples of inland Queensland have strong cultural associations with arid and semi-arid lakes (fresh and salt) dating back thousands of years. Lakes were important for Indigenous peoples of the arid and semi-arid interior, providing seasonal water, food and other material resources, as well as having ceremonial and spiritual values.</p><br>
<p>There are more than 80 Indigenous cultural heritage sites recorded in association with arid and semi-arid lakes in Queensland. However, most arid and semi-arid zone lakes have not been systematically surveyed or assessed for cultural heritage significance. The information available suggests that there is a greater diversity of evidence of traditional occupation and use associated with temporary arid and semi-arid zone freshwater lakes than with arid and semi-arid salt lakes.</p><br>
<h2>Threatening processes</h2><br>
<h3>Weeds</h3><br>
<p>Parkinsonia and parthenium infestations pose the largest threat to the ecological integrity of this significant wetland.</p><br>
<p>Parkinsonia forms dense, impenetrable thickets which restrict waterbird access to shoreline feeding and roosting sites, and provide a haven for feral pigs, which in turn disturb waterbird habitats. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in Australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. Wetlands are particularly vulnerable because parkinsonia can invade watercourses, cause erosion, lower watertables and take over vast tracts of floodplain. At Lake Galilee it germinates freely on the moist edges of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Parthenium is an annual herb with a deep taproot and an erect stem that becomes woody with age. It is a vigorous species that colonises weak pastures with sparse ground cover and will readily colonise disturbed, bare areas along roadsides and heavily stocked areas around yards and watering points.</p><br>
<h3>Feral animals</h3><br>
<p>Disturbance to the wetland areas from pest animals is mainly from pigs. Feral pigs cause damage by disturbing nesting birds, predation on frogs and aquatic species (e.g. mussels) and uprooting lakebed and riparian vegetation. Their role as a host or vector for diseases of cattle such as leptospirosis makes control of feral pigs particularly desirable for landholders and the wider community.</p><br>
<h3>Grazing impacts</h3><br>
<p>Tree clearing, some overgrazing and the introduction of buffel grass has occurred near the lake in the past and has created some impacts on biodiversity, water quality, erosion and changes in sedimentation and substrate composition. The lake fringes are highly productive and are regularly used for grazing, particularly after spring or early summer rainfall. Constant grazing can damage forbs and grasses that grow naturally on the lake fringes and may create a buffel grass monoculture.</p><br>
<h3>Recreation and tourism</h3><br>
<p>More and more tourists are venturing into western Queensland and the most preferred campsites are on the edges of lakes and waterholes. Visitors use the riparian timber for campfire fuel, especially hollow branches and logs and over a long period totally degrade habitat for hollow-dwelling fauna such as ducks, parrots, owls, bats and reptiles. Disturbance of nesting birds by human activity in the heat of a summer’s day can result in the death of unhatched chicks. Unleashed pet dogs can also be devastating to ground-nesting waterbirds and can also disturb wading birds and ground-dwelling fauna. Some visitors also create new vehicle tracks, which tend to draw others to continually expand their presence and impact. Other issues include the inappropriate disposal of rubbish and human excrement.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>The Desert Uplands Committee and the landholders surrounding Lake Galilee produced the Lake Galilee Management Plan 2011-2016. The priority of the management plan and the “Friends of Lake Galilee”* is to significantly reduce the infestations of parkinsonia and parthenium and to maintain the ecological integrity of this significant wetland.</p><br>
<p>The local natural resource management (NRM) body, Desert Channels Queensland, secured Caring for Country funds for the improved management of the Lake Galilee catchment through implementation of the management plan. Management actions carried out by the “Friends of Lake Galilee” include chemical treatment of weed infestations, trials of biological controls for weeds, signage for a tourist information centre and erosion control work. To date, their pro-active pest control actions have reduced the weed infestations to half the area. The “Friends of Lake Galilee” group includes the landholders and managers of seven properties surrounding Lake Galilee: Oakvale, Oaketokes, Fleetwood, Lake Dunn, Swanlea, Eastmere and Hazelmere.</p><br>
<h3>Weed management</h3><br>
<p>Invasive weeds are the biggest threat to the ecological values of Lake Galilee, which has the largest infestation of parkinsonia known in Australia. It covers approximately 5,000 hectares around the entire edge of the lake. Parthenium is also an issue in and adjacent to the catchment. There are also small infestations of rubber vine and mother-of-millions that are being closely monitored and managed. Parkinsonia, parthenium and rubber vine are listed as Weeds of National Significance (WONS) and as declared Class 2 pest plants under Pest and Stock Route Management Act 2002. Management of weeds in the Lake Galilee catchment is a major priority for the landholders in the catchment.</p><br>
<h4>Parkinsonia</h4><br>
<p>The current infestation possibly stems from one parkinsonia tree that was planted in the garden of the “Eastmere” homestead in the late 1800s. It has been spread around the lake’s edge during various flood events (e.g. 1974, 1991, 2008, 2010), receding floodlines and prevailing winds. The parkinsonia is currently in several stages of treatment and ranges in size of infestation from large, dense clumps of trees; to thickets of small trees; to isolated plants and mats of seedlings. Weed control is effective only in the summer (wet season) when the plants are growing and not in a stressed physiological state.</p><br>
<p>As the prevailing wind is from the south-eastern edges of the lake towards the north and west, the “Friends of Lake Galilee” group decided it was best to control the southern and eastern infestations first as they are “source infestations”. Some landholders have spent years controlling parkinsonia with some properties now being relatively clean. Of the “Friends of Lake Galilee” group six landholders have parkinsonia on their properties and two of the six also have parthenium.</p><br>
<p>Six are implementing five-year pest management plans. Their aim is to eradicate parthenium and to contain and eradicate, if possible, the source infestations of parkinsonia around the lake. As well as funded weed projects, landholders have carried out additional control works from their own resources. Chemical methods of control have included:</p><br>
<p>nonselective, broad spectrum herbicides for larger trees where there are no native trees</p><br>
<p>trialling aerial applications of herbicides for thick infestations</p><br>
<p>cut-stump and basal barking with a mix of herbicide and diesel for less dense thickets; and</p><br>
<p>foliar spraying for seedlings.</p><br>
<p>The 2011-2012 Caring For Our Country funding has enabled the participating landholders to tackle 620 hectares of parkinsonia, which is approximately twelve per cent of the total mapped infestation area around the lake. Combined with the additional control works carried out by landholders it is estimated that the parkinsonia infestation is now down to half its original mapped area. Other control methods and chemicals are being used and trialed with varying degrees of success and the best methods for different circumstances are yet to be determined.</p><br>
<p>Fungus inoculation trials are being conducted on “Eastmere” and other properties further north. Capsules containing a fungus that causes dieback in parkinsonia are inserted into a hole drilled into the base of the tree. Early results have been mixed, but Desert Channels Queensland and researchers are working with landholders to assess the potential of using fungus inoculation to control parkinsonia.</p><br>
<h4>Parthenium</h4><br>
<p>Parthenium was transported into the Lake Galilee area from the north with cattle during drought times. About 430 hectares of parthenium exists on one property and one hectare on another property about 10 km upstream (north) of the lake. Because of its potential to spread around the lake edge and across the lakebed, the main aim is to prevent parthenium reaching the lake and to have the infestation completely controlled within five years. The 2011-2012 Caring For Our Country funding has also enabled landholders to control 12 kilometres of parthenium along streambanks using a selective herbicide for the control of broadleaved weeds.</p><br>
<h3>Feral animals</h3><br>
<p>Hunting, trapping and baiting activities reduce the numbers of pigs to some degree and all property managers surrounding the lake are actively engaged in pest management. Some landholders have found that the extreme drought years have the biggest effect on reducing pig numbers.</p><br>
<h3>Habitat restoration, land and agricultural management</h3><br>
<p>The grazing properties surrounding Lake Galilee manage grazing pressure through stocking rates. Some fencing has been erected and alternative watering points have been placed adjacent to the lake to provide better quality water for stock and reduce trampling impacts at the lake edge.</p><br>
<p>Fencing of the whole lake area at this stage is not considered an economic proposition or a high priority for protection of the ecological values of the area; especially given the saline nature of the water and its corrosive effect on fencing materials.</p><br>
<p>Grazing management practices are already promoted in the Desert Uplands via a number of initiatives including a group of graziers using the International Standards for Environmental Management (ISO 14001) and a Natural Heritage Trust project sponsored through the Desert Uplands Development and Build-up Strategy group promoting on-ground nature conservation.</p><br>
<p>Other management actions carried out by the ‘Friends of Lake Galilee’ include signage for a tourist information centre (to control public access to the lake from stock route adjacent to Hazelmere Station); construction of bollards; a parking area; an information shelter and erosion control work.</p><br>
<h3>Tourism and recreation</h3><br>
<p>To help look after Lake Galilee and its important waterbird habitats, tourists are encouraged to camp at Lake Dunn (commonly known as “The Lake”); it lies about 30 km to the southwest of Lake Galilee and is a popular bird watching and tourist spot.</p><br>
<p>It is a much smaller lake with facilities such as powered and unpowered camping sites and two small chalets available for hire. Water activities include swimming, water skiing, windsurfing and fishing.</p><br>
<p>Because of the presence of a caretaker and Lake Dunn’s smaller size and more accessible shoreline, it is easier to manage tourism impacts.</p><br>
<h2>Knowledge gaps</h2><br>
<p>As with all other wetland systems in the Desert Uplands bioregion, only limited monitoring systems are in place; although Lake Galilee was amongst the four most important wetland systems counted in annual aerial surveys across south-east Australia in 1988, 1989, 1993, 1997 (estimated 62,000 waterbirds) but systematic surveys combining aerial and ground surveys have only been undertaken in 1998 and 2008.</p><br>
<p>Other surveys and monitoring not yet carried out at Lake Galilee are aquatic ecology base-line surveys, followed by five to ten year monitoring.</p><br>
<p>Lake Dunn is a freshwater lake in Queensland, Australia. Also known as Pajingo Bola, meaning "Big Fella Waterhole," the lake is the only wetland area in Central West Queensland and is consequently home to a large waterfowl population. Lake Dunn is located south of the larger Lake Galilee.</p><br>
<p>The current shoreline of Lake Dunn represents only a small area of the original lakebed.</p><br>
<p>The local council have tried to improve the area by rendering the shores attractive and provide picnic facilities. The foreshores have good stands of River Red Gum and Coolibah trees and, in recent years, it has become a popular destination for locals. However, in spite of the council&#39;s best efforts, the lake is muddy in appearance and therefore of greatest appeal to birdwatchers and nature lovers.</p><br>
<p>The George R. Newell House, also known as Chateau LaSalle, is a house in Minneapolis, Minnesota just south of downtown Minneapolis. It was originally built for Sumner T. McKnight, a businessman who had interests in lumber and real estate. McKnight sold it almost immediately to George R. Newell, one of the founders in 1870 of the grocery firm Stevens, Morse and Newell. When Newell died in 1921, his son L.B. Newell inherited the company and changed its name to SuperValu. In later years the Chateau was owned by the Freerks family and run as an apartment complex.</p><br>
<p>Architecture critic Larry Millett calls it, "A Romanesque Revival hunk and one of the grand houses of the city." The exterior, of rusticated Lake Superior sandstone, features a terrace, an arched entrance porch, carved ornamental panels, and a crested dormer on the roof&#39;s peak. The interior, in Victorian style, is lushly decorated with oak and sycamore woodwork, Tiffany & Co. lighting, and gold-leaf scrollwork. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Geschriebenstein, less commonly called the Írott-kő in English sources, is a mountain, 884 metres high, located on the border between Austria and Hungary. It is the highest mountain of the Kőszeg Mountains, the highest point in western Hungary  and highest point in Burgenland. Its height is 884 m according to Austrian sources, whereas Hungarian references mostly mention 883 m. The highest point on the Burgenland side of the border is.</p><br>
<p>Its former Hungarian names were Fenyőhegy and Szálkő. Its present name (Írottkő in Hungarian, Geschriebenstein in English and German) can be translated as written stone and is assumably derived from border stones with inscriptions between the properties of the Batthyány and Esterházy families. On the summit, there is an observation tower built in 1913. This stands exactly on the border between Austria and Hungary.</p><br>
<p>Since December 2007 the Austrian–Hungarian border can be crossed without formalities, because Hungary has joined the Schengen Agreement.</p><br>
<p>The closest towns on the Austrian side are Rechnitz and Lockenhaus. On the Hungarian side the closest municipality is Velem and the closest town is Kőszeg.</p><br>
<p>The Wildhorn is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. At 3,248 m above sea level, it is the highest summit of the Bernese Alps west of the Gemmi Pass. It forms a large glaciated massif, about 10 km wide, extending between the Sanetsch Pass and the Rawil Pass. Along with the Muverans, the Diablerets and the Wildstrubel, the Wildhorn is one the four distinct mountain massifs of the Bernese Alps that lie west of the Gemmi Pass. The massif of the Wildhorn is at the centre between the valleys of the Saane, Simme  and the Rhone . It comprises several distinct summits, including  the Arpelistock, Le Sérac, the Geltenhorn, the Sex Noir, the Sex Rouge, the Schnidehorn and the Six des Eaux Froides. The main crest is between the glaciers named Tungelgletscher and Glacier du Wildhorn. South of the main summit is the almost equally high summit of Mont Pucel . The Wildhorn is surrounded by several large mountain lakes: the Lac de Sénin, the Lauenensee, the Iffigsee, the Lac de Tseuzier and the Lac des Audannes. The Tungelgletscher, on the north-east face, was measured as 1.9 km in length in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Wildhorn lies approximately halfway between Gstaad (BE; 14 km away), Sion (VS; 14 km) and Lenk (BE; 13 km), its summit being in the municipalities of Lauenen (BE), Savièse (VS) and Ayent (VS). The nearest settlements are Lauenen, Anzère (Ayent) and Gsteig bei Gstaad. The highest place in the massif that can be easily reached is the Pas de Maimbré station (2,362 m), which is connected to Anzère by a gondola lift.</p><br>
<p>As for the other mountains on the crest of the Bernese Alps, the slopes of the Wildstrubel experience different types of climate depending on their location: the northern slopes are cooler and wetter while the southern slopes are drier and warmer. Forests are found up to 1,800 metres on the north side and up to 2,100 metres on the south side. Glaciers also reach significantly lower locations on the north side. Vineyards are also very common on the Valais side, especially below 1000 metres, but completely absent on the Bernese side, where alpine pastures dominate the landscape, as in many other areas of the Bernese Oberland.</p><br>
<p>The ascent of the Wildhorn involves either glacier crossings or technical climbs. The Swiss Alpine Club maintains the Wildhornhütte shelter (2,303 m) in the Iffigtal, above the Iffigsee, on the northern slopes of the mountain. The easiest ascent (a glacier tour) starts from there. Another hut, the Cabane des Audannes (2,505 m) is located near the Lac des Audannes on the south side. More challenging ascents commence from the Geltenhütte (2,759 m), above the Col du Brochet. The first ascent was made by Gottlieb Samuel Studer in September 1843.</p><br>
<p>The Dunecht Estate is one of the largest private estates in Aberdeenshire, Scotland at 53,000 acre. It is owned by The Hon Charles Anthony Pearson, the younger son of the 3rd Viscount Cowdray. Dunecht’s business interests include farming , forestry, field sports, minerals, let houses, commercial lets and tourism.</p><br>
<p>The main part of the estate lies between Banchory and Westhill, encompassing the village of Dunecht, the Loch of Skene and the stately home of Dunecht House. The estate grounds include a golf course and extensive areas of forestry and farming.</p><br>
<p>The estate also includes separate areas of land at Birse and Durris on Royal Deeside, Edinglassie in Strathdon and Dunnottar Castle near Stonehaven.</p><br>
<h2>Dunecht House</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1820 as the family home of the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres, the house has a grand ballroom, chapel and observatory and is surrounded by extensive gardens. It also has an observatory, built by James Ludovic Lindsay, the 26th Earl of Crawford.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold by Charles Anthony Pearson, brother of the 4th Viscount Cowdray to the Scottish business entrepreneur Jamie Oag in 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Dunnottar Castle</h2><br>
<p>Dunnottar Castle, a dramatic cliff top ruined fortress, is managed as a visitor attraction. The Castle is open to the public all year round although winter opening is restricted to Friday to Monday. Dunnottar draws between 30,000 and 40,000 visitors each year.</p><br>
<h2>Forestry</h2><br>
<p>The Estates’ forestry business extends to 6,500 acre of commercial woodland. Predominant tree species are scots pine, sitka spruce, Norway spruce, hybrid larch and Douglas fir. There are also substantial areas of native, semi-natural and plantation woodland where the primary management objective is conservation.</p><br>
<h2>Field Sports</h2><br>
<p>Field sports interests include grouse moors at Edinglassie, Forest of Birse and the Hill of Fare on Dunecht. An in-hand pheasant and partridge shoot is run at Dunecht while other Estates have low ground shooting tenants. The Estates’ have two salmon fishing beats on the River Dee, Lower Crathes/West Durris and Birse. The fishings at the former are let to Lax-a while the Birse lettings are managed direct. Other fishing interests include pike fishing on the Loch of Skene at Dunecht. Roe deer stalking is let by the week at Dunecht and Raemoir and Campfield.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Indiana Railroad Freighthouse, located in Seymour, Indiana, has since January 2008 served as the Jackson County Visitor Center, for Jackson County, Indiana. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 22, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Three separate railroads once used the facilities here. These railroads included the Jeffersonville Railroad and the Ohio and Mississippi Line. These facilities included a roundhouse repair shop, the Adams Express Company, and access to interurbans. A passenger depot located next to the freighthouse has been demolished. The Freighthouse has display detailing the history of railroads in Jackson County.</p><br>
<p>The Freighthouse is a block east of the Seymour Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Major Seminary is a Catholic institution of higher learning associated with the Archdiocese of Detroit. It is located at 2701 West Chicago Boulevard,at the western edge of the Boston-Edison Historic District in north central Detroit, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart is a regional seminary: in 2016–2017, 107 seminarians, representing eleven dioceses and two religious orders were enrolled in classes, along with 426 lay students (full and part-time). Sacred Heart Major Seminary has been accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools since 1960. The School of Theology degree programs have been accredited by the Association of Theological Schools since 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>Between 1804 and 1886, the leadership of the Diocese of Detroit tried three times to establish a seminary to educate and form the diocese&#39;s own priests. Each attempt failed, the last one being St. Francis Diocesan Seminary in Monroe, Michigan. It opened in 1886 and was closed by Bishop John Foley in 1889 because of the financial stress on the diocese of maintaining a seminary.</p><br>
<p>The fourth attempt at founding a seminary succeeded. On September 11, 1919, Bishop Michael J. Gallagher established Sacred Heart Seminary on Martin Place in Detroit. The Catholic population of the city of Detroit and surrounding communities was exploding as people were emigrating to Detroit to service the expanding automobile industry. Bishop Gallagher, who became bishop of the Diocese of Detroit in July 1918, realized he could not rely on priests borrowed from other dioceses, nor priests imported from Europe, to staff his parishes and meet the spiritual needs of the faithful under his care. He needed a diocesan seminary to train his own "homegrown" priests.</p><br>
<p>This first incarnation of Sacred Heart Seminary offered the first two years of high school. Junior and senior classes were added the next two years, and the first class graduated in 1922. College-level classes were added in the fall.</p><br>
<h3>New Building</h3><br>
<p>Enrollment soon outstripped the capacity of the two cramped houses on Martin Place and later an apartment building on nearby Alexandrine Avenue. After a successful fundraising campaign in 1920–1921, Bishop Gallagher purchased twenty-four acres of farmland in February 1923 and began construction of a new facility at the corner of Chicago Boulevard and Linwood Avenue. "Its Gods work! God wills it!" the bishop exclaimed. The new building, designed in Gothic Revival style (see "Architecture" below), opened on September 22, 1924, at the end of the trolley line across the street from one of the earliest Detroit suburbs, the exclusive Boston-Edison subdivision. The first college class graduated in 1926; these graduates were ordained in 1930.</p><br>
<p>Major donors to the construction of the seminary included prominent Detroit families such as the Fishers, Crowleys and Van Antwerps.</p><br>
<h3>Mid-century years</h3><br>
<p>Some significant happenings during Sacred Heart&#39;s mid-century decades include the granting of the academic charter and first degrees awarded, 1931; the seminary celebrates as the Detroit diocese becomes an archdiocese and Edward F. Mooney becomes the first Archbishop of Detroit, 1937; and the seminary community exceeds ninety percent participation in the federal war stamp and war bond program and receives the "Minute Man" flag, 1944. John Donovan and Henry Donnelly are consecrated Detroit auxiliary bishops in 1954, the first Sacred Heart alumni to be elevated to the episcopacy (there have been thirty-one since, see "Bishop alumni" below.</p><br>
<p>World War II enlistment and the installment of the draft had a significant effect on enrollment and subsequent graduation numbers. Throughout the 1930s, college graduation numbers averaged in the mid-to-upper thirties. In 1941, that total dropped to twenty-five, and in 1946, the college had only six graduates. The number of graduates jumped to forty-eight in 1950 and averaged around fifty per year throughout the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The student body and faculty contributed to the war effort by raising money to purchase two ambulances for use by the armed forces. To accommodate the post-war jump in enrollment, the seminary converted three open dormitories into private rooms, adding fifty-two more rooms to house the 110 philosophy students.</p><br>
<p>A highlight for the seminarians: The college Class of 1943 raised funds through a "Movie Drive" to purchase two 35 millimeter feature film projectors. The carbon arc projectors were installed in the seminary auditorium to provide entertainment for seminarians who rarely were permitted to leave the seminary grounds during the school year. The Movie Drive was one of the culminating projects to celebrate Sacred Heart&#39;s Silver Anniversary year of 1944. (The vintage projectors remain today in the rear loft of the auditorium, although they no longer function.)</p><br>
<h3>High school expansion</h3><br>
<p>The seminary continued to grow and, by 1959, it became apparent that housing both high school and college programs in one building was infeasible. Construction was begun on another building, the Cardinal Mooney Latin School, on the southeast corner of the seminary grounds. This building was completed in 1961. However, in 1970, the seminary high school was closed, leaving only the college-level program.</p><br>
<h3>Papal visit</h3><br>
<p>The persistent lobbying of the Vatican by Cardinal Edmund Szoka, archbishop of Detroit, paid off. Pope John Paul II included a visit to Detroit during his papal trip to the United States, September 18-19, 1987. The Holy Fathers first stop: Sacred Heart Seminary. He arrived by helicopter, no less, touching down on an improvised heliport on the seminary grounds, after flying into Detroit Metropolitan Airport from Rome. The pope emerged from the helicopter and greeted each seminarian individually after being welcomed by then-Fr. Allen Vigneron, who was filling in for Sacred Hearts ailing rector, Msgr. Gerald Martin.</p><br>
<p>The Holy Father&#39;s visit to Sacred Heart was followed by an address to deacons at Ford Auditorium, an address on social justice at Hart Plaza, a visit to Hamtramck, and Mass before 100,000 worshipers at the Pontiac Silverdome.</p><br>
<h3>Educational advancements</h3><br>
<p>In 1969, the seminary instituted the formation program for permanent deacons. Sacred Hearts charter was expanded in 1980 so to offer associate, bachelor and graduate-level degrees. The Association of Theological Schools accredited the seminarys graduate degree programs in 1991: the Master of Divinity (MDiv), Master of Arts in Theology, and Master of Arts in Pastoral Studies (MAPS).</p><br>
<p>A significant Lilly Endowment grant allowed the Institute for Ministrys leadership, faculty members Dean Patricia Rennie, Sr. Mary Lou Putrow, and Dr. Patricia Cooney Hathaway, to revamp the MAPS curriculum to include pastoral and spiritual formation for the programs lay ministry students. The endowment also provided financial aid for students. In April 2000, the first three students graduated with the revised MAPS degree.</p><br>
<h3>Refounding</h3><br>
<p>With the closing of the archdiocese&#39;s graduate-level St. John Provincial Seminary in 1988, Sacred Heart was re-founded under Cardinal Edmund Szoka, archbishop of Detroit. The seminary added a Graduate School of Theology to its College of Liberal Arts and was renamed Sacred Heart Major Seminary. Cardinal Szoka commissioned extensive rehabilitation and renovation to the seminary building that included replacing 2,400 windows, replacing the electrical wiring, sandblasting the exterior, carpeting and plastering the classrooms, and expanding the parking lot to accommodate 250 vehicles.</p><br>
<h3>Institute for Ministry</h3><br>
<p>This same year, 1988, saw the establishment of the Institute for Ministry (IFM). Under guidance of rector Msgr. John Nienstedt, the IFM&#39;s mission is to recruit, educate, and train lay pastoral ministers for the archdiocese. Programs offered to lay students are basic and intermediate diplomas in pastoral ministry, Associate in Ministry, MA in Theology, MA in Pastoral Ministry, and the diaconal academic program.</p><br>
<p>The institute was renamed the Institute for Lay Ministry (ILM) in September 2016, to better "reflect the core work of the institute: to form effective lay ecclesial ministers according to the norms in Coworkers in the Vineyard,” said rector Msgr. Todd Lajiness.</p><br>
<h3>Licentiate in Sacred Theology</h3><br>
<p>Two educational milestones were reached in 2004. The seminary established six academic chairs, including a chair of life ethics, under the leadership of rectors Most Rev. Allen Vigneron and Fr. Stephen Boguslawski. The Holy Sees Congregation for Catholic Education that year approved Sacred Hearts offering of a Bachelor of Sacred Theology (STB) and a Licentiate in Sacred Theology (STL). The STB and STL are "ecclesiastical" degrees, as they are authorized by the Congregation under the seminary&#39;s aggregate relationship with the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas in Rome.</p><br>
<p>The STL has a specialization in what has become known as the Popularized by St. John Paul II, the New Evangelization calls Catholics into a more personal, life-changing relationship with Christ, while calling the Church to proclaim the basic gospel message to the people of the secularized first world nations who have been losing their Christian identities.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart&#39;s STL is considered a "pastorally-focused" program. The curriculum stresses social analysis from a Catholic perspective, family and bio-ethical issues, and modern catechetical techniques, so that graduates can express in fresh ways the teachings of the Church. At the same time, the STL is a strenuous academic program that fully prepares students for doctoral studies, the seminary maintains. (Since 2014, the program has been offered in an online/limited residency format and exclusively to priests, see "Ecclesiastical" below.)</p><br>
<h3>Campus improvements</h3><br>
<h4>Dorm renovations</h4><br>
<p>As the seminarian and lay student enrollment continued to increase beginning in the late 1990s, Sacred Hearts leadership decided to invest resources into upgrading the campus building and grounds. Twenty-nine new rooms and a priests suite were added to the graduate dormitory in 1997. "That we have outgrown the seminarian residence rooms originally set up for the Theologate when it opened in 1988 is a great sign that God is blessing Sacred Heart&#39;s service to the Church," said rector Bishop Allen Vigneron at the time.</p><br>
<p>Work began in fall 2010 to demolish and renovate Immaculate Heart of Mary dormitory, which had been shuttered since the early 1970s. Over the following two years, ten new seminarian dorm rooms were added, along with a lounge, a new bathroom, and a laundry.</p><br>
<h4>Technology and building improvements</h4><br>
<p>Beginning in 2003, the seminary began to upgrade its educational technology by installing "smart classroom" technology in all of its classrooms. This first wave of technological advancements (a project which is ongoing today) included constructing a distance learning suite composed of two classrooms with videoconferencing technology: a large lecture hall with arena-style seating and a smaller seminar room. The first interactive courses were broadcast to satellite locations for fall term 2004.</p><br>
<p>The liturgy lab was updated in 2004 with an instructional white board, new sound system, and a digital camera with video monitor to record and playback students homilies. To better simulate a church setting, the renovated lab incorporated a full-immersion baptismal font, fully furnished altar area, confessional, and pews.</p><br>
<p>These 2004 renovations, endorsed by Cardinal Adam Maida, archbishop of Detroit, and led by rector Fr. Stephen Boguslawski, also included expanding office space so that faculty could be located in a more central place. A lower level quadrant, which formerly housed obsolete heating and cooling equipment and a laundry room, was demolished. Replacing this "dead space" were twelve new faculty offices and a reception alcove. Offices for the new Licentiate in Sacred Theology program were located in this area.</p><br>
<h4>Running track</h4><br>
<p>Through the donation of an alumnus/benefactor, the seminary was able to break ground in May 2014 to construct a quarter-mile running track for the use of students, resident priests, faculty, and staff. The Bishop Walter J. Schoenherr Memorial Track which circles around the campus athletic field was dedicated in November 2014. It is named after the late auxiliary bishop of Detroit, a Sacred Heart high school and college alumnus and accomplished athlete. Beyond its general use, the seminarians have begun an annual track meet held in the fall, in which the men compete among themselves in athletic events.</p><br>
<h4>Property expansion</h4><br>
<p>Another significant benefactor donation allowed Sacred Heart to "expand its footprint" by purchasing six vacant city plots totaling 2.5 acres directly west of the seminary campus, in March 2016. The land was cleared of debris and an abandoned apartment building and dedicated by Archbishop Allen Vigneron in April 2017. The seminary will use the land to increase available parking space as its programs continue to expand. "By clearing the property of derelict buildings," said rector Msgr. Todd Lajiness, the purchase will help to beautify the area and stabilize property values, as well as improve campus security. As such, the rector said, the purchase "is a sign of hope for the neighborhood."</p><br>
<p>A second phase of the project will include relocating the seminary&#39;s main entrance to Chicago Boulevard by fall 2017. Ironically, the 2.5 acres once was owned by Sacred Heart but had to be sold to keep the seminary solvent during the Depression.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Gothic Revival</h3><br>
<p>The seminary building is built in Gothic Revival (or Collegiate neo-Gothic) architectural style, a popular style for educational buildings of the early twentieth century. The designer is Donaldson and Meier, a prominent Detroit architectural firm that designed many iconic buildings in Detroit and southeastern Michigan from 1880 until around 1930. These include the former Chancery building of the Archdiocese of Detroit, St. Aloysius Church, the David Stott building, the original Penobscot building, and Most Holy Redeemer Church, all in Detroit, and the Beaumont Tower at Michigan State University.</p><br>
<h3>Chapel windows</h3><br>
<p>The windows of the Gothic main chapel are designed by the eminent stained glass design firm Emil Frei, Incorporated, of St. Louis, Missouri, with the windows being imported from the firm&#39;s studios in Munich, Germany. The sanctuary window depicts the Risen Christ surrounded by his twelve apostles, symbols of the Seven Sacraments, angels representing the evangelical counsels of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and is peaked by the coat of arms of Bishop Gallagher, the founder of the seminary. Various religious themes are represented in the side sanctuary and clerestory windows, including the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Immaculate Heart of Mary, the Life of Christ, saints who are priests or seminarians, Eucharistic saints, and the concept of sacrifice as represented in the Old Testament.</p><br>
<p>Margaret Bouchez Cavanaugh, a well-known Michigan stained glass artist, designed the windows of the college and theologate chapels in the early 1990s in a contemporary style. The chapel windows in the graduate dormitory depict the Creation Story of Genesis 1 in a "spiral, curvilinear movement," while the chapel windows in the undergraduate dormitory depict the Life of Christ along with the Descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecoast, also in Cavanaugh&#39;s signature curvilinear style that is reminiscent of Cubism.</p><br>
<h3>Pewabic tile</h3><br>
<p>Sacred Heart&#39;s first-floor hallways, main chapel, and undergraduate dormitory chapel contain the largest collection of Pewabic ceramic tile in Michigan and perhaps second largest in the country after the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>The custom-made architectural tile features extravagant multi-colored floral designs and multiple religious symbols, along with the zig-zag patterning popularized by the Arts and Crafts movement.</p><br>
<p>Pewabic tile, with its innovative iridescent glazing, was developed in Detroit by Mary Case Perry Stratton at her pottery and studio in 1903. Pewabic is an active pottery, design studio, and educational center still today.</p><br>
<h3>Chapel fire restoration</h3><br>
<p>A near-tragic fire in the main chapel roof in February 2009 led to the decision by rector Msgr. Jeffrey Monforton and Archbishop Allen Vigneron to repair, restore, and refurbish the chapel. Throughout the spring and summer, skilled craftpersons mounted floor-to-ceiling scaffolding and applied their trades under the direction of Fr. Robert Spezia, Sacred Heart&#39;s moderator of the liturgy.</p><br>
<p>Masons repaired the stone window surrounds, painting specialists repaired and repainted the 522 plaster ceiling panels, restorers washed the interior and exterior of the stained glass windows, electricians installed new lighting, and roofers repaired the chapel&#39;s roof and replaced gutters. The oak pews were removed and refinished, and the brick and limestone walls were cleaned of soot caused by the fire and decades of candle smoke.</p><br>
<p>In particular, preservation specialists cleaned and repaired the artistically significant oak Stations of the Cross, carved in relief in the 1930s by woodworking artist from the Tyrol area of Austria. The goal of all of this effort was to return the chapel to the original condition of the 1920s chapel.</p><br>
<h3>National Register</h3><br>
<p>The seminary building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Rectors</h2><br>
<p>Fr. Dennis L. Hayes (1919–1926)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Daniel J. Ryan (1926–1940)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Henry E. Donnelly (1940–1952)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Albert A. Matyn (1952–1964)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Francis X. Canfield (1964–1971)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Thaddeus J. Ozog (1971–1976)</p><br>
<p>Most Reverend Bernard J. Harrington (1977–1985)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. F. Gerald Martin (1985–1988)</p><br>
<p>Most Reverend John Clayton Nienstedt(1988–1994)</p><br>
<p>Most Reverend Allen Henry Vigneron (1994–2003)</p><br>
<p>Fr. Steven C. Boguslawski, O.P. (2003–2006)</p><br>
<p>Most Reverend Jeffrey Marc Monforton (2006–2012)</p><br>
<p>Msgr. Todd J. Lajiness (2012–present)</p><br>
<h2>Programs</h2><br>
<h3>Undergraduate</h3><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Major Seminary offers degree programs at multiple levels. It offers a certificate in Catholic theology; basic diplomas in music ministry and in Catholic theology; a two-year undergraduate liberal arts degree, the Associate of Arts in Ministry; and three bachelors programs: the Bachelor of Arts in Pastoral Theology, the Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy (an undergraduate liberal arts degree with a major in philosophy) and Bachelor of Philosophy (a two-year program with a major in philosophy for students who already possess a bachelors degree).</p><br>
<h3>Graduate</h3><br>
<p>Three Master&#39;s level degrees are offered: the Master of Arts in Pastoral Studies, Master of Arts in Theology, and Master of Divinity, along with a graduate diploma in pastoral ministry.</p><br>
<h3>Ecclesiastical</h3><br>
<p>Sacred Heart offers two ecclesiastical degrees, a Bachelor in Sacred Theology (STB) and the Licentiate in Sacred Theology (STL). The STL, established in 2004, has a concentration in the theology and methodology of the New Evangelization. Since 2014, through the leadership of rector Msgr. Todd Lajiness, it has been offered exclusively to Catholic priests in a "blended format": most of the courses are taken online with the remaining courses taken during four five-week summer residency terms. For the summer term 2017, forty-two priests are enrolled from twenty-nine dioceses, eight religious communities, and six countries.</p><br>
<p>Both ecclesiastical degrees are conferred by the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome through the faculty of SHMS. The seminary also offers a graduate certificate in the New Evangelization for those students, ordained or lay, who wish to do studies in this field without formally enrolling in the STL program.</p><br>
<h2>Miscellaneous</h2><br>
<h3>The "Black Jesus" Statue</h3><br>
<p>Sacred Heart is only blocks away from the epicenter of Detroits tragic 1967 civil disturbance. A note from Sacred Hearts rector at the time, Msgr. Francis Canfield, states that during the first day of the riot, July 23, three men entered the seminary grounds and "paint brown" the face, hands, and feet of the Sacred Heart of Jesus statue. The life-sized statue, erected in 1957 to commemorate Pope Pius XII&#39;s encyclical on devotion to the Sacred Heart, is located in a stone grotto facing the corner of Chicago Boulevard and Linwood Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The painting of the statue caused a social disturbance. Letters to the editors to the archdiocesan newspaper, Michigan Catholic, were mixed: some writers expressed outrage at what they considered vandalism; others considered the act one of ethnic pride and social and religious justice.</p><br>
<p>The features of the statue did not remain painted black for long. One newspaper account maintains "the statue went through several paintings in the weeks following the riot. Each time, the seminary repainted the statue black."</p><br>
<p>However, referring to Monsignor Canfield&#39;s notes and accounts in the Michigan Catholic, there is no evidence of multiple paintings between the initial painting on July 23 and September 14. On that date, notes Canfield, "Statue painted white by three white men." Community activists expressed outrage, believing the seminary leadership ordered the statue to be repainted white when the new school year opened. So, on September 17, "The decision was reached to repaint it black, in order to retain the symbol," states another note by Monsignor Canfield, that Christ is for all people, black and white.</p><br>
<p>The face, hands, and feet of what has become known as "The Black Jesus statue" remains painted black today (although the cast-stone statue has been repainted many times since 1967 and extensively repaired). The extremities will remain black for all time, the seminary has long decided.</p><br>
<p>As one former seminary administrator expressed, "I would suggest that the city of Detroit really has no positive symbol like it. The Sacred Heart statue is no longer just a symbol of the seminary. It is now an icon of universal appeal."</p><br>
<h3>Bishop alumni</h3><br>
<p>Thirty-one Sacred Heart alumni have been elevated to the episcopacy (as of June 2017). The latest graduates to become bishops are Most Rev. Gerard Battersby, former vice rector of Sacred Heart, and Most Rev. Robert Fisher, both ordained as auxiliary bishops of Detroit in January 2017. Another former vice rector of the seminary, Most Rev. Michael Byrnes, became Sacred Heart&#39;s second archbishop-alumnus (along with Archbishop Allen Vigneron) when Pope Francis named him Archbishop of Agana (Guam) in October 2016.</p><br>
<h3>Serving the Universal Church</h3><br>
<p>Five faculty members are making contributions to the Universal Church by serving, or having recently served, on a council or commission of the Holy See. Currently serving (as of June 2017) are Dr. Mary Healy (Pontifical Biblical Commission), Dr. Janet Smith (Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity), Dr. Edward Peters (Apostolic Signatura), and Dr. Ralph Martin (Pontifical Council for the New Evangelization). Fr. John McDermott, SJ, was a member of the International Theological Commission from 2004 to 2009, while Dr. Smith was a consultor to the Pontifical Council for the Family from 1995 to 2013.</p><br>
<h3>Trivia</h3><br>
<p>The seminary building makes an appearance in the cult film Detroit 9000 where it stands in for the "Longview Sanitarium".</p><br>
<p>Kasewe Forest Reserve is an area of hills in the Moyamba District of Sierra Leone . It is designated as a forest reserve and contains moist semi-deciduous and evergreen forests that cover an area of 1.224 km². Made up of volcanic rock the hills stand about 500m above the interior plains of the country.Jennifer Lytwyna, Kevin Burkea and Stephen Culver, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VDT-4M3BGYN-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=844e073b2ccc07b76ee17fd8e2a585c6, The nature and location of the suture zone in the Rokelide orogen, Sierra Leone: Geochemical evidence, Journal of African Earth Sciences</p><br>
<p>Volume 46, Issue 5, December 2006, Pages 439-454, retrieved on 10 January 2008 The nearest town is Lunsar.</p><br>
<p>The W.H. Stark House is a fully restored, 14,000 ft&sup2; Victorian home located on the corner between Green Avenue and Sixth Street in Orange, Texas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The W.H. Stark House was home to William Henry and Miriam Lutcher Stark, who spent a lifetime collecting rare and unique decorative objects. Miriam Melissa Lutcher moved to Orange with her parents, Henry Jacob Lutcher and Frances Ann Lutcher, in the late 1870s. Henry Jacob Lutcher was co-owner of the Lutcher and Moore Lumber Company. He and his wife Frances began a philanthropic dynasty that continues to benefit the Orange community today.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 Miriam M. Lutcher married William Henry Stark, who made his fortune in banking, oil, rice, insurance, and the regional timber industry. They moved into their home in 1894 and occupied it until 1936. They were passionate collectors. Their son H.J. Lutcher Stark grew up influenced by their lifetime dedication to philanthropy and the arts.</p><br>
<p>When the Stark family moved into their new home, W.H. Stark was forty-three, Miriam was thirty-five, and their son Lutcher was seven. They were the only family to inhabit the house. When W.H. and Miriam Stark died in 1936, Lutcher Stark closed the house. It was vacant until 1970 when restoration began. Restoration to the era of 1894 continued for ten years, and the house was opened as a house museum for public tours on February 10, 1981.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and decorative highlights</h2><br>
<p>Construction on The W.H. Stark House began on June 29, 1893, with completion in 1894. The house is classified in the Queen Anne architectural style, which is characterized by long sloping roofs, second floor balconies, Jacobean chimneys, wide verandas, and octagonal or round towers.</p><br>
<p>Interior ceilings are 12 ft high on the first floor, 11 ft high on the second floor, and 10 ½ feet (3.2 m) high on the third floor. Exterior walls are ten inches (25 cm) thick, with two layers of diagonal storm sheeting. Interior double walls are sixteen inches (41 cm) thick. The floor plan is duplicated on two of the three stories, and includes a concrete basement, which is unique in Southeast Texas.</p><br>
<p>Cypress was chosen as the basic material because of the damp conditions in the area. Longleaf yellow pine was used for the intricate design work. Turned pieces were formed on a foot-operated machine lathe, and each board had to be cut and measured for a precise fit. All framework was selected from the Lutcher and Moore Lumber Mills.</p><br>
<p>The 14,000 ft&sup2; home today is furnished much as it was in the 1920s, with fifteen rooms and three stories of original family furniture, carpets, silver, antique porcelains, and American Brilliant Period cut glass. The ceiling in the Music Room is oil painted on canvas by artist E. Theo Behr; it features an allegorical scene with cherubs. The house also holds many unique objects, including a one-of-a-kind sterling silver Gorham Manufacturing Company tea service in the Louis XVI style, a rare copy of the Napoleon death mask, and decorative silver and china.</p><br>
<p>The W.H. Stark House is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark by the Texas Historical Commission.</p><br>
<h2>The Nelda C. and H.J. Lutcher Stark Foundation</h2><br>
<p>The W.H. Stark House is owned and operated by the Nelda C. and H.J. Lutcher Stark Foundation, a private, non-profit foundation established in 1961 in Orange, Texas. It aims to improve the quality of life in Southeast Texas by encouraging, promoting, and assisting education, the arts, and health and human services. It carries out its mission through the Stark Museum of Art, The W.H. Stark House, Shangri La Botanical Gardens and Nature Center, and Lutcher Theater. These programs offer the community a rich resource for study and enjoyment of arts, history, nature and culture.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>Lutcher Stark died in 1965 leaving a $73 million fortune behind to his third wife Nelda and the Nelda C. and H.J. Lutcher Stark Foundation. The Stark family was unhappy with his decision and in 1987 hired Houston attorney. He was able to ascertain that Lutcher Stark committed fraud by undervaluing his first wife Nitas estate to get out of paying death taxes. Despite Gallaghers attempts, the case never went anywhere.</p><br>
<p>Nelda Stark died in 1999 and left $150 million to the Stark Foundation. Heirs from one of two adopted sons of Lutcher Stark and his first wife Nita, hired Louisiana attorney. There was question about Judge Buddie. J. Hahn, who presided over the 1989 case, and his ability to be impartial. Burgess was able to show a connection between Hahn and one of Nelda&#39;s lawyers. There was also proof that the Stark Foundation gave $673,000 to a college where Hahn sat on the board.</p><br>
<p>Attorney represented the Nelda Stark estate and dismissed the charges. He cited a Texas Supreme Court ruling that held a settlement is valid despite later fraud claims.</p><br>
<p>The Rhenish Massif, Rhine Massif or Rhenish Uplands  is a geologic massif in western Germany, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg and northeastern France.</p><br>
<p>The Rhenish Massif consists of the Belgian and French Ardennes, the German Eifel and east of the river Rhine the Sauerland and Siegerland. The Mosel and Hunsrück hills form its southwestern part, the Westerwald, Lahn-Dill area and the Taunus occupy the southeastern part. The massif is divided in two by the Middle Rhine Valley (Rhine Gorge), a UNESCO World Heritage site.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically the Rhenish Massif consists of metamorphic rocks, mostly slates (hence its German name), deformed and metamorphosed during the Hercynian orogeny (around 300 million years ago). Most of the massif is part of the Rhenohercynian zone of this orogeny, that also encompasses the Harz further east and Devonian rocks of Cornwall (southwestern England).</p><br>
<p>Most rocks in the Rhenish Massif were originally sediments, mostly deposited during the Devonian and Carboniferous in a back-arc basin called the Rhenohercynian basin. In some places in the Ardennes, even older rocks of Cambrian to Silurian age crop out as massifs overlain by Devonian slates. These older rocks form smaller massifs of their own (Stavelot, Rocroi, Givonne and Serpont). In the eastern Rhenish Massif some very limited outcrops in the Sauerland show rocks of Ordovician and lower Siliurian age. Further Ordovician rock exposures are part of the southern Taunus.</p><br>
<p>The second rock type are Tertiary and Quaternary igneous rocks, which most prominently occur in the Vulkaneifel, the Westerwald and the Vogelsberg. The volcanic rocks have been linked to a mantle plume that, due to its low density and buoyancy, uplifted the entire region during the last few hundred thousand years, as measured from the present elevation of old river terraces.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain and hill ranges</h2><br>
<p>The mountain and hill ranges within the Rhenish Massif - some with maximum height in metres above sea level (NN)) are given below:</p><br>
<p>Paralia  is a town and a former municipality in Achaea, West Greece, Greece.</p><br>
<p>Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Patras, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 11.978 km. It is a suburb of Patras, about 6 km southwest of the city centre. The town population is about 6,500. It was a popular beach resort for residents of Patras till mid &#39;80s. The new Greek National Road 9 (Patras - Pyrgos) runs south of the town.</p><br>
<p>The railway Patras - Pyrgos runs parallel to the coast, at about 200 m from the shore.</p><br>
<h2>Population history</h2><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Paralia is subdivided into the following communities:</p><br>
<p>Mintilogli</p><br>
<p>Paralia</p><br>
<p>Roitika</p><br>
<p>The Wagoner Armory, also known as National Guard Armory, was built in 1938 by the Works Progress Administration in order to make jobs for unemployed workers in the area. The Oklahoma National Guard used the building since it was built, until it was abandoned along with 58 other armories in the state of Oklahoma after they were ordered to be closed in 2006 by the federal Base Realignment and Closure Commission.</p><br>
<p>The Wagoner Armory, like many other armories, was contaminated with lead from bullets fired in their underground rifle ranges and from asbestos. The Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality cleaned the facility up as part of its Site Cleanup Assistance Program.</p><br>
<p>The municipal government of Wagoner, Oklahoma took over ownership on October 22, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The city is not exactly sure what their plans are for the armory but they are thinking about letting different groups use it, such as some senior citizen groups.</p><br>
<p>Mount Twynam is a mountain located on the Main Range, part of the Great Dividing Range, in the Snowy Mountains in New South Wales, Australia. The mountain is located close the border between New South Wales and Victoria.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 2,195 m above sea level, the mountain is the third-highest mountain on mainland Australia. It is located 8 km north-east of Mount Kosciuszko.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is large but unimposing, and has good and far-reaching views over Blue Lake Cirque and the Western Falls. Despite being relatively accessible by track, it is rarely visited. The mountain forms a watershed for the Snowy River to the southeast and the Geehi River to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>Mt Twynam map Stevage.pngTopographic map of Mount Twynam.</p><br>
<p>The Gross Windgällen is a 3,187 m high mountain in the Glarus Alps, overlooking the valley of the Reuss in the canton of Uri. The name Gross Windgällen derives from Gälle or gellen, meaning as much as wailing, shrilling or whistling.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The massif of the Gross Wingällen lies between two parallel valleys, the Schächental on the north side and the Maderanertal on the south side, both converging to the Reuss on the west at approximately 500 metres above sea level or 2,700 m below the summit. On the north side, the massif encloses a small valley, the Brunnital, which belong to the Schächental, thus forming an amphitheatre of several summits above 3,000 m, including the Gross Ruchen on the east; the north wall of the Gross Ruchen being connected with that of the Gross Windgällen.</p><br>
<p>Several glaciers can be found on the southern side of the mountain, among which the Stäfelfirn, located east of the summit. The north-west face is very steep and has no glaciers, it overlooks the small lake of Seewli (2,028 m). Two kilometres south-west of the Gross Windgällen lies the Chli Windgällen (2,986 m).</p><br>
<p>The closest locality is Golzern on its southern flanks at 1,400 m, from where the Gross Windgällen is usually climbed. The Windgällen hut, owned by the Academic Alpine Club of Zurich is located higher at 2,032 m. From there starts the normal route to the top, via the Stäfelfirn.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The first climbing was made in 1848 by a mountain guide from Uri, Josef Maria Tresch-Exer together with Melchior Tresch. This enabled Tresch-Exer for a subsequent climb to the summit together with Georg Hoffmann which took place ten days later.</p><br>
<p>Shaigiri is a mountain in Pakistans western Himalayas. The peak rises precipitously from the south end of the Rupal Valley, soaring 5,584 m above sea level and some 6,500 ft above the valley floor. To its east stands Rupal Peak, to its west, the iceflows of Rupal Glacier. Despite its impressive height and unique pyramid shape, Shaigiri is greatly overshadowed by its giant neighbor to the north, 8,126-metre Nanga Parbat. Though the peak itself is seldom climbed, its northern base camp  is a summer destination for travelers, mountaineers and local herdsmen. The peak is highly visible from most of the Rupal Valley. From Shaigiris base one can see Nanga Parbat&#39;s Rupal Face and the eastern end of the Mazeno Wall.</p><br>
<p>Shaigiri is accessible via the Astore Valley, which opens to the great Indus River south of Gilgit. Most treks to Shaigiri, the Mazeno Pass and Nanga Parbat&#39;s Rupal Face are staged from the remote village of Tarashing, which is reached by jeep from Astore. Astore can be reached by bus or jeep from Gilgit, a major town on the Karakorum Highway.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Hildene, the Lincoln Family Home is the former summer home of Robert Todd Lincoln and his wife Mary Harlan Lincoln, located at 820 Hildene Road in Manchester, Vermont.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robert Todd Lincoln was the eldest of the four sons of President Abraham Lincoln and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln, and the only one of them to survive into adulthood. He first visited Manchester, Vermont at age 20 in the summer of 1863 when he, his brother Tad, and their mother stayed at the nearby Equinox House to escape the heat of Washington, DC.</p><br>
<p>Abraham Lincolns granddaughter and Robert Lincolns daughter, Jessie Harlan Lincoln, used Hildene as her summer home throughout her life and lived at Hildene full-time from 1946 until her death in 1948.</p><br>
<p>Hildene remained occupied by descendants of the Lincoln family until 1975, when the next to last descendant of the Lincoln-Harlan family, Mary Lincoln Beckwith, granddaughter of Robert and Mary and daughter of Jessie and Warren Wallace Beckwith, died there. In 1978 the non-profit organization, the Friends of Hildene, purchased the property and began restoration of the house, outbuildings and gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape</h2><br>
<p>The name Hildene is from the old English words meaning hill and valley with stream. Completed in 1905 in the Georgian Revival style, the house is located on a 300 ft promontory overlooking the Battenkill Valley. Approximately half of the 412 acre estate is located at the lower level of the valley and includes meadows and wetlands. A formal garden in the form of a cathedral&#39;s stained glass window was planted in 1907. The window pattern is defined by privet hedge and filled with mixed borders of annual and perennial flowering plants providing the multicolored "stained glass." The garden is especially noted for its collection of over 1,000 herbaceous peonies.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Rowland Agricultural Center at Hildene Farm opened to the public with its herd of Nubian goats and cheese making facility. In the summer of 2011, the restored 1903 wooden Pullman palace car, Sunbeam, made its home at the Manchester estate. The car came off the line during Robert&#39;s tenure as president of the Pullman Company.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>Hildene is furnished almost entirely with Lincoln family furniture, and contains artifacts belonging to Robert Todd Lincoln and his parents. In 1908 an Æolian pipe organ was installed at a cost of $11,500. In 1980 the Friends of Hildene restored the organ.</p><br>
<p>The Greensburg Downtown Historic District of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, is bounded approximately by Tunnel Street, Main Street, Third Street, and Harrison Avenue. It consists of 62 buildings on 21.8 acre, with the most notable buildings from the years 1872-1930. The district&#39;s oldest structure  is the former Masonic Temple at 132 South Main Street. The Academy Hill Historic District is directly to the north of downtown Greensburg.</p><br>
<p>Two places which are separately listed on the National Register, the Westmoreland County Courthouse and the Greensburg Railroad Station, are included in the district. The "dominant building" in the district is the courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Greensburg was once a significant retailing center, serving numerous small communities in central Westmoreland County. Not only was it an important station on the Pennsylvania Railroad, but it was also the headquarters of West Penn Railways, an interurban (long-distance trolley) company serving many small communities to the east and south of Greensburg. The headquarters building of West Penn Railways is still extant at 416 South Main Street, serving as City Hall, although it is outside the boundaries of the historic district. These forms of rail transportation contributed to Greensburg&#39;s growth in the pre-automobile era.</p><br>
<p>Greensburgs largest department store was Troutmans (202-226 South Main Street), the only downtown building to have escalators. Other department stores included Royers (114 South Main Street), Sears (101 North Main Street), and J. C. Penney (221 South Main Street, in a building previously used by Pollins Grand Depot department store). All four structures remain standing, converted to other uses. The opening of Greengate Mall in 1965 (now demolished) had a devastating impact on downtown retailing, following the pattern that occurred in numerous communities. However, the presence of the courthouse continues to give purpose to downtown, and a significant number of historic properties remain.</p><br>
<h2>Notable buildings by street</h2><br>
<h3>Ehalt Street</h3><br>
<p>Ehalt Street was named for Jacob Ehalt (1821–1885), a German immigrant who owned a hotel on Harrison Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Greensburg Train Station (101 Ehalt Street, at corner of Harrison Avenue) was designed by architect William Cookman for the Pennsylvania Railroad in a style that has been described as Jacobean Revival. The Pennsylvania Railroad initiated service to Greensburg in 1852, and a temporary structure served as a station for a few years. In 1860, a one-story red brick station was constructed, and passengers walked across the tracks to board westbound trains. In the early 1900s the railroad was expanded from two tracks to four tracks, and the tracks were elevated to create a more nearly level right-of-way for locomotives. These changes necessitated a new station, which is the current structure. When it opened in 1911, four active tracks passed by the station, and there were two passenger platforms, one platform serving two eastbound tracks and one platform serving two westbound tracks. The station is on a level below the tracks, so that passengers would walk though a pedestrian tunnel and then up stairs to one of the two platforms. Currently, there are only two tracks passing through the station, each served by a separate platform. Amtrak provides regular passenger train service. The old waiting room has been renovated for use as a restaurant, and the old baggage facility is currently rented as offices.</p><br>
<h3>Harrison Avenue</h3><br>
<p>Harrison Avenue was named for William Henry Harrison.</p><br>
<p>Penn Towers (137 Harrison Avenue), formerly the Penn-Albert Hotel, opened in 1923 and is one of the citys tallest structures, now used as housing for senior citizens. Designed by Edward J. Nelson, it has a red brick facade and Georgian Revival details. The building has 8 to 11 floors, depending on whether certain mezzanine-type floors or half-floors are counted. From the main entrance on Harrison Avenue, the hotel patron would walk though a short arcade lined with shops, and go up a half-flight of stairs to the lobby, which adjoined a restaurant. A ballroom was on the mezzanine level, and at the very top there was a roof garden for dancing and other events, originally open on the sides, and later entirely enclosed. The two highest guestroom floors, marked by a decorative frieze on the facade, were initially used for suites designed for long-term occupancy. In the hotels original name, "Penn" referred to William Penn, and "Albert" referred to the initial owner, John Albert Sheetz. An article in a 1923 magazine lists the types of room and their rates:</p><br>
<h3>Main Street</h3><br>
<p>In order from north to south:</p><br>
<p>Christ Episcopal Church (145 North Main Street) is a sandstone structure in a Gothic Revival style, dating from 1889.</p><br>
<p>Union Trust Building (102 North Main Street) is a two story red brick building with classical details built in 1921, that once served as bank and office facilities, including the headquarters of the Westmoreland-Fayette Coal and Coke Company. The Westmoreland Cultural Trust acquired the building in 2004. In its current state, the building has various retail and professional tenants, as well as a conference center operated by the Trust.</p><br>
<p>Sears Department Store (101 North Main Street), now used as offices, is a two-story brick Classical Revival structure built approximately in 1930.</p><br>
<p>Bank and Trust Building (41 North Main Street) is a four-story 1896 Romanesque Revival building.</p><br>
<p>Westmoreland County Courthouse (2 North Main Street) is the county&#39;s fourth courthouse, built 1906-08. It is remarkable for its dome, reminiscent of the USA Capitol, and for its interior atrium dominated by a grand staircase. Architect William Kauffman designed the building in a style that has been variously described as Beaux Arts, Italian Renaissance, and French Renaissance. The exterior has a granite facade, and the interior has 15 wall and ceiling murals by artist Maurice Ingres.</p><br>
<p>1 North Main Street was built in 1928 as a bank with a limestone facade in a Classical Revival style. It was initially the Barclay-Westmoreland Trust, then Mellon Bank, and later was Citizens&#39; Bank.</p><br>
<p>First Commonwealth Bank (111 South Main Street), originally First National Bank, later Southwest Bank, is a seven-story red brick building in a Classical Revival style, built in 1924. Paul Bartholomew, who also designed Troutman&#39;s and the YMCA, served as architect.</p><br>
<p>St. Vincent de Paul (126 South Main Street) was originally McCrorys, one of Greensburgs "5 and 10s" or variety stores. This 1920s building is now used as a thrift shop for the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. The interior and exterior have changed very little from its days as a "5 and 10" except that the basement level has been closed to the public.</p><br>
<p>Masonic Temple Building (132 South Main Street) is a four story building with an Italianate cast iron facade, now used as law offices. Built in 1872, it is the oldest building in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>Troutmans Department Store (202-226 South Main Street) was once the citys largest department store, now used for offices and seniors&#39; housing. It has six stories with a limestone and terracotta facade in an Italianate style. The main portion was designed by Paul Bartholomew and built in 1923, with a 1960s-era addition extending through to South Pennsylvania Avenue.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church of Greensburg (300 South Main Street) is an English Gothic style church built in 1917, designed by the Boston architect Ralph Adams Cram, who also designed the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York, and many of the buildings of Princeton University.</p><br>
<h3>Otterman Street</h3><br>
<p>This street was named after Ludwig (or Ludwick) Otterman (originally Ottoman) (1738–1791), an early settler.</p><br>
<p>Palace Theater (21 West Otterman Street), formerly the Manos Theater, is a three story red brick structure with some art deco characteristics that has been restored for use as a live entertainment venue. The original architects were Leon H. Lempert and Son of Rochester, New York, and interior murals were by Louis Grell. Initially, this 1926 building had offices on the second and apartments on the third floors, shops and theater lobby on the first floor, and a combination billiard hall and bowling alleys in the basement. On the east side of the Palace Theater, an adjoining theater (variously known as the Lomison Opera House, the Keaggy Theatre, and the Strand Theater) was torn down to provide space for a courtyard and auxiliary facilities for the Palace Theater. Renovations completed in September 2004 added the Megan&#39;s Suite, an expanded two-level suite with table seating for guests to enjoy refreshments before the show or during intermission.</p><br>
<p>Stark / James Building is a three story brick building at the corner of West Otterman Street and Harrison Avenue. The older portion is the Stark Hotel (35, 39, and 41 West Otterman Street), built in 1889 and later known as the Merchants Hotel, and still later known as the New Merchants Hotel. The extreme eastern segment of the building was originally a house belonging to a Mrs. C. H. Stark, and it likely predates the 1889 date attributed to the Stark Hotel as a whole. This easternmost segment is believed to include elements of a 1796 structure. A carved stone segment embedded in the east wall, visible from Pennsylvania Avenue, states somewhat cryptically, "Rebuilt 1888 1796". The hotel originally appealed to traveling salesmen, and in its final years it provided cheap accommodations for elderly tenants. The Westmoreland Cultural Trust acquired the building in 2001, and tastefully renovated it for retail and office use. An adjacent building, the James Building (33 West Otterman Street), was acquired by the Westmoreland Cultural Trust in 1996, and the two structures are managed as a single building.</p><br>
<h3>Pittsburgh Street</h3><br>
<p>Note that if the streets had been named logically, Pittsburgh Street would have been First Street. There is no First Street in Greensburg.</p><br>
<p>Cope Hotel (22 West Pittsburgh Street) was one of Greensburg&#39;s oldest hotels, built in 1893, a Romanesque Revival red brick building with three stories, plus an attic level and a basement level with retail outlets fronting on South Pennsylvania Avenue. It bears the name of Cyrus P. Cope, who operated a tavern on this site, and was the owner of the hotel when built. In 2009-2010, its upper floors were renovated for use as student housing.</p><br>
<p>Governors Mansion State Historic Park is the location of Historic Governors Mansion of California, the official home of the Governor of California. It housed thirteen governors and their families from 1903 to 1967 and began housing the 39th, and current, governor in 2015. The mansion is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Located at 1526 H Street in Sacramento, the mansion has now returned to being the official residence for the state governor and will still be used for public and state ceremonies and events. George Pardee was the first governor to live in the house. Ronald Reagan, who lived in it for only four months, was the last governor to reside there for nearly 50 years. The mansion resumed its role as an official residence in 2015, when Governor Jerry Brown moved into the property with his wife.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The thirty-room, three story Second Empire-Italianate Victorian mansion was built in 1877 for local hardware merchant Albert Gallatin, who sold it to businessman Joseph Steffens, the father of journalist Lincoln Steffens, in 1887. The State of California purchased the house in 1903 to serve as the governors mansion. Many furnishings remain from former governors, including Pardees 1902 Steinway piano, velvet chairs and sofas belonging to Governor Hiram Johnson, and Persian rugs bought by the wife of Earl Warren. The structure has been renovated a number of times over the years. In 1967 after the Reagans moved out, the mansion was turned into a museum and opened to the public. The third floor of the mansion has been closed to the public since the 1990s.</p><br>
<h2>Avoidance by later governors</h2><br>
<p>The Governors Mansion was not occupied by state governors between 1967 and 2015. In 1974, an alternative governors residence was constructed in the Sacramento suburb of Carmichael and was completed just as Reagan left office. Jerry Brown, who succeeded Reagan, refused to live in the large residence, and it was sold by the state in 1982. Instead, Brown lived in a sparsely furnished apartment during his first two terms as governor from 1975 to 1983. When Brown became governor again in 2011, he opted to live in a 1,450 ft&sup2; downtown loft.</p><br>
<p>George Deukmejian, Pete Wilson, and Gray Davis all lived in different Carmichael residences. Arnold Schwarzenegger stayed in a hotel suite at the Hyatt Regency Sacramento near the Capitol when he was in Sacramento but ordinarily commuted each day by private plane from his home in the Brentwood area of Los Angeles.</p><br>
<p>The former Carmichael house is now in a gated community called La Casa de los Gobernadores in Carmichael. It is located next to Ancil Hoffman Golf Course. The home overlooks the American River (38&deg;36&prime;20&Prime;N latitude, 121&deg;19&prime;17&Prime;W longitude).</p><br>
<p>The Governor&#39;s Mansion was one of 70 California state parks proposed for closure by July 2012 as part of a deficit reduction program. It was previously one of several state parks threatened with closure in 2008. Those closures were ultimately avoided by cutting hours and maintenance system-wide.</p><br>
<p>It was announced on October 16, 2015, that Governor Brown, in his fourth term, would be moving into the Governor&#39;s Mansion in late-2015 or early-2016 following extensive renovations. He is the first governor to reside there since Ronald Reagan in 1967.</p><br>
<p>Booster Lake is located in Nopiming Provincial Park in the province of Manitoba, Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is located inside the Canadian Shield, at an elevation of 320 m, approximately 56 mi northeast of Lac Du Bonnet and sits about 5 mi west from the Ontario border. Highway 315 runs north of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is fed by several creeks, and is drained by Booster Creek into Bird Lake, the source of Bird River, a tributary of the Winnipeg River.</p><br>
<p>The Lake itself contains many portions that have been given unofficial names by the cottage owners including Jackfish Bay, Halfmoon and Pickrel Rock. An Island at Booster Lake was named in honour of Frank "The Mayor" Penzick who lived at his cabin on Booster Lake year round.</p><br>
<p>There is a trail that connects Booster Lake with the nearby Flanders Lake</p><br>
<p>Booster Lake cottage owners take part in annual events such as garage sales, and an annual fishing derby with a reception hosted on the beach near the public boat launch</p><br>
<p>The Family of Winnipeg Radio Personality Al McLean of QX 104 owns a cottage at Booster Lake and Al frequently mentions this on his program.</p><br>
<p>The original road into the area was used for logging and mining. Years ago, they mined for gold, although that mine has been closed and dismantled. Active mining in the area is done around Bernic Lake by The Tanco Mining Company. The mine is an active producer of caesium, tantalum & spodumene.</p><br>
<p>Cheesman Park is an urban park and neighborhood located in the City and County of Denver, Colorado, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Cheesman Park is located in central Denver, southeast of downtown. The Park has inexact borders, as it is framed on 3 sides by private residences, but is located in center of the Cheesman Park neighborhood, between Humboldt Street on the west, Race Street and Denver Botanic Gardens on the east, 13th Avenue on the north, and 8th Avenue on the south. The neighborhood&#39;s borders are approximately:</p><br>
<p>West: Downing Street</p><br>
<p>East: York Street</p><br>
<p>North: Colfax Avenue</p><br>
<p>South: 8th Avenue</p><br>
<p>The 80 acres of park land are planted with 1,880 trees from 57 different species. These include groves of American Linden in the western part of the park, American elm, Black Walnut, Green Ash and large conifers like the Colorado Blue Spruce and Douglas Fir.</p><br>
<h2>Early park history</h2><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, the land that is now Cheesman Park was Prospect Hill Cemetery, which also included the land that is now the Denver Botanical Garden and Congress Park further east. The long-disused cemetery was converted to a park which opened in 1907, after city planners felt it would provide an amenity to new residents as land development moved east of the central city. The park was originally named for the US Congress who gave permission to change the cemetery to a park and was renamed Cheesman Park in honor of Denver pioneer Walter Cheesman whose family donated the funds for the neoclassical pavilion on the eastern side of the park in his honor shortly after his death.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery opened in 1858 and the first burial occurred the following year. In 1872, the USA Government determined that the property upon which the cemetery sat was actually federal land, having been deeded to the government in 1860 by a treaty with the Arapaho. The government then offered the land to the City of Denver who purchased it for $200. Although today it is still mostly remembered as Mt. Prospect Cemetery, in 1873 the cemetery’s name was changed to the Denver City Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>As time went on different areas of the cemetery were designated for different religions, ethnic groups and fraternal organizations such as Odd Fellows, Society of Masons, Roman Catholics, Jewish, the Grand Army of the Republic, and a segregated section at the south end for the Chinese. Some sections were well maintained by family descendants or their organizations, but others were terribly neglected. In 1875, 20 acre at the northeast part of the cemetery (slightly east of where the botanic gardens are now located) were sold to the Hebrew Burial Society, who then maintained it, while much of the rest of the graveyard fell further into disrepair. By the late 1880s the cemetery was rarely used and in great disrepair, becoming an eyesore in what had become one of the most exclusive parts of the quickly growing city. Real estate developers soon began to lobby for a park to be in its place, rather than an unused cemetery. Before long, Colorado Senator Henry Moore Teller persuaded the USA Congress to allow the old graveyard to be converted to a park. On January 25, 1890, Congress authorized the city to vacate Mt. Prospect Cemetery and in recognition, Teller renamed the area Congress Park.</p><br>
<p>Families were given 90 days to remove the bodies of their loved ones to other locations. Those who could afford this began to transfer bodies to other cemeteries throughout the city and elsewhere. Due to the large number of graves in the Roman Catholic section off to the east, Mayor Joseph E. Bates sold the 40 acre area to the archdiocese, which was then named Mount Calvary Cemetery. The Chinese section of the graveyard was given over to the large population of Chinese who lived in the "Hop Alley" district of Denver. Most of these bodies were then removed and shipped to their homeland of China.</p><br>
<p>Several years went by while the city waited for citizens to remove the remains of their families, but few did. Most of the people buried in the cemetery were vagrants, criminals, and paupers, which probably had a lot do to with why the majority of bodies, more than 5,000, remained unclaimed. In 1893 The City of Denver then awarded a contract to undertaker E.P. McGovern to remove the remains. McGovern was to provide a "fresh" coffin for each body and then transfer it to the Riverside Cemetery at a cost of $1.90 each. The macabre work began on March 14, 1893, while an assorted audience of curiosity-seekers and reporters came and went. For the first few days, the transfer was orderly. However, the unscrupulous McGovern soon found a way to make an even larger profit on the contract. Rather than utilizing full-size coffins for adults, he used child-sized caskets that were just one foot by 3½ feet long. One source claims this was done at least partially because of a coffin shortage caused by a mining accident in Utah. Hacking the bodies up, McGovern sometimes used as many as three caskets for just one body. In their haste, body parts and bones were literally strewn everywhere in a disorganized mess. Their haste also allowed souvenir hunters and onlookers to help themselves to items from the caskets.</p><br>
<p>The Denver Republican newspaper ran a story breaking the news, its March 19, 1893 headline read: "The Work of Ghouls!" The article described, in detail, McGovern’s practice of hacking up what were sometimes intact remains of the dead and stuffing them into children&#39;s-size coffins. The article partly described the scene:</p><br>
<p>"The line of desecrated graves at the southern boundary of the cemetery sickened and horrified everybody by the appearance they presented. Around their edges were piled broken coffins, rent and tattered shrouds and fragments of clothing that had been torn from the dead bodies...All were trampled into the ground by the footsteps of the gravediggers like rejected junk."</p><br>
<p>Mayor Rogers canceled the contract and the city Health Commissioner began an investigation. Although numerous graves had not yet been reached and others sat exposed, a new contract for moving the bodies was never awarded.</p><br>
<h2>Park construction and changes</h2><br>
<p>The city built a temporary wooden fence around the cemetery and in 1894, grading and leveling began in preparation for the park, though several of the open graves wouldn’t be filled in until 1902. Finally shrubs were planted and the holes filled in where coffins were removed. Work was completed in 1907, without ever having moved the rest of the bodies.</p><br>
<p>Denvers landscape architect, German-born Reinhard Schuetze, did the initial designs for the park with its meandering carriage-ways that join in a figure-8, the pavilion and reflecting pool and the verdant central meadows outlined in groves of trees. Schuetze died in 1910 before the park was completed, but his successor S.R. DeBoer finished the park with much of Schuetzes plan intact. The central connection street of the figure-8 was later removed and grass planted in its place. High Street also originally ran through the park, passing just east of the marble pavilion, but was eventually removed, with grass and trees taking its place.</p><br>
<p>The Cheesman Memorial was constructed in 1908 from Colorado Yule marble, in the Neoclassical style, on a raised platform with retaining walls clad in ashlar masonry and topped by decorative balustrades. The walls were installed with fountains and inset with grand staircases approaching the pavilion, in the style of an Italian Renaissance garden. At the base of the supporting platform to the west are three large reflecting pools, used as wading pools in the summertime until the 1970s. Between 1934 and 1972 the Denver Post sponsored open air performances of Broadway musicals and operas staged at the pavilion. The famed Olmsted Brothers designed the landscaping surrounding the memorial; in 1912 an esplanade with formal parterres for flower plantings was installed between the memorial and Williams Street parkway to the east.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s the pavilion and supporting plinth were in a state of serious disrepair. City authorities undertook a restoration of the pavilion but decided to replace the platform altogether with gently sloping lawns and modest concrete staircases. Today only the pavilion and reflecting pools remain of the original complex. The new grading meant that much of the original formal landscaping was lost during this period, replaced with simplified flower beds and a rose garden to the north.</p><br>
<p>The area at the south edge of the park, near the intersection of 8th and Williams Streets, once used as the Chinese cemetery was used as the city tree and shrub nursery until 1930 when a WPA project converted it to an addition for the park. The Catholic Church moved most of the remains of those buried in the Mount Calvary Cemetery and sold the land back to the city in 1950. This city-block-sized park is now Cheesman Esplanade, often called "Little Cheesman Park" by the area&#39;s residents.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Park</h2><br>
<p>In November 2008, during initial construction of a new parking structure for the Denver Botanic Gardens between York and Josephine Streets, human bones and parts of coffins were unearthed. The bodies were removed and buried in a different cemetery and construction was allowed to continue.</p><br>
<p>In 2008 an assessment by the City and County of Denver proposed restoring much of Cheesman Park along the lines of the original 1902 plan conceived by Reinhardt Scheutze. This would include replanting many trees lost over the years, removing obstructive vegetation, and restoring the parkway to the original figure-8 design. The retaining walls, fountains and staircases which once supported the Cheesman Memorial would also be restored along with the esplanade and gardens that once surrounded the pavilion.</p><br>
<p>Cheesman Park is considered a gathering spot among the gay community in Denver. Notable LGBT-related events that take place at the park include the annual PrideFest parade, which typically takes place during June and travels from Cheesman Park to Civic Center Park near downtown. Also, the AIDS Walk Colorado takes place in and around the park annually, usually during September.</p><br>
<h2>The Cheesman Park Neighborhood</h2><br>
<p>The Cheesman Park neighborhood is one of the oldest in Denver, with city plats dating to as far back as 1868 and was annexed by the City of Denver in 1883, though development was slow at first. By 1915, with the completion of the park, the neighborhood was mostly developed with large mansions for some of the city&#39;s wealthiest people. Since the 1930s however, the neighborhood has become denser with a plethora of apartment buildings.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood of Cheesman Park is bordered north-south by Colfax and 8th Avenues, and east-west by Downing and Josephine Streets. The Cheesman Park neighborhood is often considered part of Denvers Capitol Hill neighborhood (to the west), as the northern residential area of Cheesman Park was part of the "Capitol Hill" subdivision of the city on February 14, 1882, and the southern residential area was part of the "South Division of Capitol Hill" subdivision of August 26, 1882. At the time, this "fashionable residential district" was occupied by the citys "business and professional class."</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood has a population density of more than 12,000 people per square mile, far exceeding Denvers average density of 3,600 people per square mile, due the many high-rise and mid-rise apartments and condominiums surrounding the park. However, the neighborhood contains not only modern, dense residential units; it also contains three of Denvers residential historic districts: Wyman’s, Morgan’s Addition, and Humboldt Island. These historic districts now preserve homes of a wide variety of architectural styles, from the late 19th century through the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is predominantly white and middle class with a median household income of $42,477 in 2008, and a higher average level of educational attainment than the city as a whole. The neighborhood has more single/unmarried people than Denver&#39;s average (only 13.2% married, compared to 34.7% for the entire city), with only 2.6% having children, compared to 15.0% for the city, and it consequently has a smaller average household size.</p><br>
<p>There are more renters than homeowners in the neighborhood; the areas apartments are a mix of newer and older apartment buildings, and conversions of older mansions into apartments. Only about a quarter of the neighborhoods residents live in owner-occupied units, and the average detached single family home value was $791,976 in 2008, more than double the city&#39;s average of $341,104.</p><br>
<p>Cheesman Park has a fairly urban character with its density and closeness to the central part of the city. The neighborhoods crime rates are close to the citys average. It contains several areas of commercial activity particularly north of the park between 13th and Colfax avenues, and is also home to the 23 acre Denver Botanical Gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Film inspiration</h2><br>
<p>Writer and playwright Russell Hunter said in a 1980 interview said he based many elements from The Changeling on experiences from his first months in Denver in 1968, while living in a large house at 1739 East 13th Avenue on the northern edge of Cheesman Park. The house was razed in the 1970s and a condominium building now stands on the site. Although the film is set in Seattle, the house the film centers on is called the "Cheesman" House, a nod to the Denver inspiration.</p><br>
<p>Washington Park is a historically black neighborhood in northwest Atlanta encompassing historic residential, commercial, and community landmark buildings. It is situated two miles  west of the central business district of Atlanta. The combination of gridiron and curvilinear streets is a result of the neighborhood having been developed from four separate subdivision plats. One of these plats created Atlanta&#39;s first planned black neighborhood, while the other three were abandoned by white developers and adopted by Heman Perry, an early 20th-century black developer. Although Perry did not receive a formal education past the seventh grade, in 1913 he founded one of the largest black-owned companies in the United States, the Standard Life Insurance Company of Atlanta.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The development of the Washington Park area is associated with the history of racial segregation in Atlanta. Prior to 1919, Ashby Street functioned as an early "color line" in the city. The area east of Ashby Street was established as an area for African Americans, and the area west of Ashby Street was established as an area for white settlement. Few white families were interested in residing so close to the historically black Atlanta University campus. Any plans for white settlement west of Ashby Street ended when the general manager of the Parks Department of Atlanta designated Washington Park as the first recreational park for African Americans in 1919. The Atlanta Board of Education re-designated Ashby Street School from white to black in that same year. With these two actions, the area west of Ashby Street was abandoned by white developers and this early "color line" was broken.</p><br>
<p>The collection of historic residences within the district consists of one- and two-story buildings built between 1919 and 1958 featuring exterior wood clapboard or brick veneer. These close-knit residences are fairly uniformly set back near the street-end of their narrow lots. The architectural types represented within the district include English and Georgian cottages, Georgian, American Foursquare, and the bungalow, the most commonly found type. The architectural styles found include Colonial Revival, English Vernacular, and Craftsman, which is the style most widely represented. There were few commercial buildings located within the Washington Park neighborhood, historically concentrated near the edges of the district at the crossroads of major streets, but many of these stores have been lost or altered. A c. 1930 gas station featuring an office block with a canopy remains, as well as a corner store with a large storefront window oriented towards the intersection. Community landmarks include the William A. Harris Memorial Hospital, the Ashby Street Theater, the Citizen Trust Company West Side Branch bank building, and the E.R. Carter Elementary School (formerly Ashby Street School).</p><br>
<h2>Washington Park</h2><br>
<p>One of the focal points of the historic district is the recreational park. Prior to the construction of Washington Park in 1919, there were no recreational parks in Atlanta available to African Americans. The park started with a gift of six and a half acres and expanded to 25 acre when completed in 1928. It originally included a swimming pool, dance hall, pavilions, and tennis courts. The Washington Park neighborhood has retained many of its landscape features; however, mass transportation projects, modern residential construction and subsidized housing development have caused the loss of some historic fabric.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The neighborhood is served by PATH&#39;s "West Side Trail", the Beltline (which will connect to the park as well) and access to the Ashby MARTA rail station.</p><br>
<p>This article incorporates text from the National Park Service website, a work of the USA government, and therefore under public domain.</p><br>
<p>Mozley Park is a typical early 20th-century residential neighborhood, located approximately three miles west of downtown Atlanta. The community is named after the original landowner, Dr. Hiram Mozley, whose heirs inherited the land after his death in 1902.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>The houses in the district were built over a 20-year period, beginning around 1920 when the basic street arrangements were completely mapped. The houses built in the oldest section of the neighborhood are Folk Victorian cottages and Craftsman bungalows built on small lots with varied setbacks and no driveways. There have been modest changes to the houses, including new awnings, siding, and rear additions. The overall neighborhood plan is that of a gridiron, typical of many Atlanta neighborhoods. Many of the streets have retained their original granite curbing and narrow sidewalks with hexagonal pavers. Lots are primarily 50 ft wide.</p><br>
<p>The district also includes the Mozley Park Recreational Area. In 1922, the citizens of Mozley Park and the surrounding area asked the Atlanta City Council to purchase the Mozley estate for a recreation area to serve residents of the southwest side of Atlanta. The Civil War breastworks and trenches that remained on the site were leveled. A park was developed with roadways, landscaped areas, lakes, a swimming pool, and a bathhouse. The only other non-residential building in the district is the Frank Lebby Stanton Elementary School, named for Georgia&#39;s first poet laureate. It was built on a wooded hill adjacent to Mozley Park. The school is a traditional two-story, red-brick building with limestone trim and awning windows.</p><br>
<h2>History of Race, Roads, and Real Estate in Mozley Park</h2><br>
<p>Mozley Park was an early epicenter of white flight in Atlanta, which had de facto residential segregation.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was located immediately west of the Ashby Street area, which underwent turbulence in the 1940s as many white sections of that neighborhood transitioned to black. In 1937, a black physician bought three lots in Mozley Park but abandoned his building plans after work crews were threatened. In 1941 city officials considered building a parkway that would serve as a physical barrier to black areas to Mozley Park&#39;s east. When this was not built, Westview Drive was used as a boundary, with anyone trying to build homes for blacks within 100 yards of the road threatened. Streets in black subdivisions north of Westview were unpaved for the last 100 yards nearest Westview. East of Chappell Road was also considered a black area.</p><br>
<p>In 1948, William A. Scott, Jr., an African American and the son of the Atlanta Daily World founder, built his home on the corner of Mozely Place and Chappell Road. But since it faced Mozely Place, this was seen as encroachment on the white area. White neighbors began to sell, which as was common in the day, caused mass selling by other white homeowners. In 1949 some white residents formed the Mozley Park Home Owners&#39; Protective Association (MPHOPA) to stem the expansion of black residents, whose leaders stated their intentions to buy back homes in the "white" sections and establish a voluntary boundary line for "Negro expansion". The establishment of the MPHOPA was an important precedent in the city, as it was a "respectable" organization, whereas previous efforts to halt black expansion were under the auspices of the less respectable Ku Klux Klan or other overtly racist organizations.</p><br>
<p>Due to the extreme shortage of housing in "black" areas of the city, however, it was extremely profitable for white homeowners to sell to blacks. By 1950 black realtists (real estate agents) refused to cooperate any longer with MPHOPA efforts and in September 1951 advertised a mass listing of Mozley Park homes in the black newspaper the Atlanta Daily World. Mayor William B. Hartsfield personally visited the black "realtists" board to ask them to let Westview Drive serve as a color line with blacks to the north and whites to the south; the realtists accepted this proposal tentatively. White residents reorganized the MPHOPA into the much larger Southwest Citizens Association and lobbied Mayor Hartsfield who in 1952 presented a plan to build a six-lane highway along Westview Drive — but financing stalled and it would only be built years later as part Interstate 20.</p><br>
<p>Nonetheless, black families still managed to move into houses north of Westview. By 1954 the mayor finally agreed to transfer the neighborhood park to be designated for use by blacks (parks in Atlanta were also segregated by race) and the racial transition of the neighborhood was virtually complete.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>In the 1950s and 1960s, public project developments, including the construction of Interstate 20, altered portions of the landscape in Mozley Park. Some older houses and streets have been demolished. But because of the minimal alterations to the majority of the houses, the neighborhood has maintained its integrity as an early 20th-century residential community.</p><br>
<p>The Academy Hill Historic District of Greensburg, Pennsylvania, is bounded approximately by Baughman Street, North Maple Avenue, Kenneth Street, Culbertson Avenue, Beacon Street, and North Main Street. It consists of 252 structures on 63.5 acre, with the most notable buildings from the years 1880 to 1949. The earliest building, a former farmhouse at 333 Walnut Avenue, dates from 1840. The Academy Hill Historic District is directly to the north of the Greensburg Downtown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The southern portion of Academy Hill is largely institutional in character, including the Blessed Sacrament Cathedral, its parish school, and Greensburgs public high school, now used as a middle school. Since 1810 the block bounded by Main Street, Academy Hill Place, Maple Avenue, and Grant Street has been used for a succession of public schools, and the 1810 school at this site was the source of the neighborhoods name.</p><br>
<p>Main Street, north of these landmark structures, is lined with large houses and mansions built for the city&#39;s elite, some of them designed by Paul Bartholomew. As one moves to the east from Main Street, the houses become less elaborate. The north-south streets east of Maple Avenue are lined with relatively modest houses that represent middle-class and working-class residential architecture in the pre-World War II era.</p><br>
<h2>Notable buildings by street</h2><br>
<h3>Grant Street</h3><br>
<p>133 Grant Street - Sears, the department store chain, once sold houses in kit form that could be ordered through the mail, and such houses were particularly popular with farmers on the prairies. This is an example of such a Sears Catalog Home, rare for Greensburg. It was built in 1925 and represents the Craftsman style.</p><br>
<h3>Kenneth Street</h3><br>
<p>208 Kenneth Street - This 1920 Tudor was designed by and the residence for Paul Bartholomew until his death in 1973.</p><br>
<p>214 Kenneth Street - This 1937 center hall colonial was designed by Paul Bartholomew per original blueprints. Located at Kenneth and Loor Streets.</p><br>
<h3>North Main Street</h3><br>
<p>In order by house number:</p><br>
<p>Blessed Sacrament Cathedral (300 North Main Street) - This massive 1928 structure serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Greensburg. It was designed by the Pittsburgh-based firm of Comes, Perry, and McMullen in an English Gothic style. Initially it was the Blessed Sacrament Church, and attained cathedral status when the Diocese of Greensburg was formed in 1952. The stained glass rose window over the main entrance was designed by the German artist Franz Maier. Between 1983 and 1987, a major renovation of the structure was conducted by the architectural firm of Celli & Flynn Associates.</p><br>
<p>Greensburg Salem Middle School (301 North Main Street) - A public school was built on this site in 1810, known as the Academy Hill School, from which the neighborhood takes its name. It was destroyed by fire in 1850. A second school, known as "Old Red" (a two-story red brick building), was built here in 1862 or 1863 and torn down in 1924. Slightly to the north of the existing building, a high school was built in 1897 but was razed in 1960. The current building is the fourth school on this block. It is a three-story structure, opened in 1927, and was designed by architect Maurice Kressely in a Neoclassical Revival style. This current structure was initially the Greensburg Salem High School, and since 1979 has been the Greensburg Salem Middle School.</p><br>
<p>Aquinas Academy (340 North Main Street) - This is the parish elementary school of the next-door Blessed Sacrament Cathedral. It had originally been known as Saint Benedict School, then as Blessed Sacrament School until 1995 when its name was changed to Aquinas Academy due to a reorganization of the diocesan elementary schools. The oldest portion of the building, fronting Main Street, is a two-story red brick structure from 1904. There are also a 1954 addition and a 1961 addition, both fronting on Pennsylvania Avenue. A 1962 addition, set back from Main Street, was intended to serve as a convent.</p><br>
<p>419 North Main Street - This 1935 Tudor Revival residence is one of many in the neighborhood by architect Paul Bartholomew.</p><br>
<p>Huff Mansion / YWCA (424 North Main Street) - Perhaps the grandest of the Academy Hill mansions, this 1900 Georgian Revival structure has been owned by the YWCA since 1979. It was designed by Boston-based architect Ralph Adams Cram for William A. Huff, whose wealth originated from the coal industry (United Coal and Coke Company) and from banking (First National Bank of Greensburg).</p><br>
<p>431 North Main Street - This 1920 house is another commission by architect Paul Bartholomew, characterized by influences of the Prairie School, the Picturesque Movement, and the Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>445 North Main Street - This 1913 Mission style house was designed by Paul Bartholomew.</p><br>
<p>450 North Main Street - This 1920 house was designed by Paul Bartholomew in a Georgian Revival style.</p><br>
<p>Kepple-Graft Funeral Home (524 North Main Street) - This was built for William Jamison, a coal industry magnate.</p><br>
<h3>North Maple Avenue</h3><br>
<p>In order by house number:</p><br>
<p>Clawson House (223 North Maple Avenue) - This Queen Anne style house was built in 1893 for Sheriff Lucien Clawson.</p><br>
<p>528 North Maple Avenue - This 1913 home was designed by Paul Bartholomew in a Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>552 North Maple Avenue - This 1922 residence is yet another design by Paul Bartholomew, reflecting an Eclectic Revival design.</p><br>
<h3>O'Hara Street</h3><br>
<p>YWCA Annex (12 OHara Street) - This structure was a log cabin located at 419 North Main Street, and at the time of World War I the Huff family moved it to its current location as a wedding gift for William A. Huffs daughter. The house was later covered in stucco, a very unusual building material in this region, and currently serves as an annex for the YWCA.</p><br>
<h3>Walnut Avenue</h3><br>
<p>In order by house number:</p><br>
<p>333 Walnut Avenue - This 1840 structure was originally a farmhouse, and has the distinction of being the oldest building in the historic district.</p><br>
<p>334 Walnut Avenue - This 1936 Tudor Revival style residence was designed by Paul Bartholomew.</p><br>
<p>The Bogardus-DeWindt House is located on Tompkins Avenue, a short distance west of NY 9D, in Beacon, New York, United States. It typifies the houses built in the region between 1750 and 1830, and has largely remained in its original form even as newer housing has been built in the neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>During that time, the Hudson Valley was experiencing a new wave of settlement by New Englanders moving west. Their houses in the region combined their English-derived building traditions with Dutch ones dating to the late 17th century to create a new vernacular architecture unique to the place and time. The Bogardus-DeWindt house, a -story, five-by-two-bay rectangular building with heavy timber framing, epitomizes this style.</p><br>
<p>It was originally built on a four-acre (1.6 ha) parcel for Elizabeth Bogardus, widow of Peter, an early landowner whose estate had to be subdivided and sold to settle debts. She died a few years later and John Peter DeWindt bought the land and house as part of his Cedar Grove estate. In 1825 his mother moved into what the family called "the cottage". It remained in the family, undergoing the addition of a bay wing, and a barn and wood shed, in the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The DeWindts sold it in 1920. Those owners added dormer windows upstairs and the columns on the front porch shortly after taking possession. Two decades later, the most recent addition, a small rear kitchen wing, was built.</p><br>
<p>Dhosi Hill is an extinct volcano, standing alone in the North-West end of the Aravali mountain range with height varying from about 345 to 470 meters from the surrounding land and 1170 meters from the sea level; has temple, pond, fort and caves on the top and forest around it. It is part of Aravalli Mountain Range, that belongs to the Precambrian Malani igneous suite of rocks and have been dated at 732 Ma BP .</p><br>
<p>The hill has all the physical features of a perfect volcanic hill with distinct crater, lava still lying on it and giving a perfect conical view from top.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Dhosi Hill is located on the borders of the Indian states of Haryana and Rajasthan. The Haryana portion lies in Mahendragarh district to the south, 5 km from Narnaul on Singhana Road; the Rajasthan portion lies in Jhunjhunu district to the north.</p><br>
<p>While the ground level is about 900 ft above sea level, the hill top is another 900 feet above the ground level.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The hill presently falls under the administration of three village panchayats, being those of Dhosi in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan state and of Thana and Kultajpur in Mahendragarh district of Haryana state. These villages are situated on the three waterfalls that become active during the monsoons that occur in July–August, being created from the overflow of a reservoir at the summit. The waterfalls are mentioned in the epic Mahabharata. Each village also has an ancient water reservoir to augment the supply for villagers and animals.</p><br>
<h2>Fort</h2><br>
<p>Dhosi Hill has remnants of a fort built by Hemu about 500 years ago. There are thick walls, up to 25 ft high and 40 ft wide on even the steepest slopes and the top of the volcano. The fort was constructed to safeguard the heritage and ashrams on the hill from frequent attacks by Muslim invaders during the medieval period. To replace the old temple, a fort modeled on the temple of Chyavana was built at the crater of the hill in the 1890s by the Bhargava community.</p><br>
<p>All-weather stairs in stone and lime plaster are constructed on the Kultajpur and Thana sides.</p><br>
<h2>Water sources</h2><br>
<p>A sarovar (reservoir) that stores rain water for bathing of pilgrims has existed at the summit of the hill for centuries. The stored water is claimed to contain a few rejuvenating properties and treatment for skin ailments. The water in the reservoir becomes herbal and also cupric because of the quantity of copper in the hill and growth of rare herbs in large quantities.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir becomes silted over time and is desilted at regular intervals. In 1944, the industrialists Birla brothers, led by G. D. Birla, who hailed from the nearby Pilani village, arranged for the reservoir to be desilted and constructed a proper concrete dam on the site to increase the storage capacity. This was done in the memory of their father, Raja Baldev Rai Birla. A plaque is put on the Dam to this effect which states that reservoir could be used for bathing by all shades of Hindu pilgrims, including Sanatani, Harijan, Arya Samaji, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs. This plaque shows that there was no caste barrier to use of the facilities.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the reservoir was desilted by Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, a NGO based in Delhi and Haryana.</p><br>
<p>A well for the supply of water for drinking and other purposes exists on the top of hill which is recharged by seepage and percolation of water from adjoining reservoirs which are charged by the rain water on the hill. The Government of Haryana now provides drinking water at the hill through mechanical uplifting from the base of the hill.</p><br>
<h2>Parikrama</h2><br>
<p>Those visiting the hill on pilgrimage have performed a parikrama (circumambulation) of it since the time of Shaunak. The 8–9 km parikrama track includes some portions of which are damaged because of landslides.</p><br>
<h2>Temples and religious melas</h2><br>
<p>Apart from temples at Shiv Kund, halfway to top of hill from Kultajpur side, there are several temples on the crater portion of the hill. Among these is the Chyavana temple, the Shiva temple on the crater, a Devi temple on the hilltop, and a Rama temple next to the Royal Guest House. The Chyavana temple has Shekhawati paintings in the Garbhagrah of the temple and a basement which can be used as a Dharmshala (resting place) for pilgrims. Among other structures on the hill is the renovated Chandrakoop.</p><br>
<p>Melas are organised on various festivals and other special days. On the day of Somvati Amavasya many people assemble for a holy bath in the sarovars. A map from the 1890s indicates there were then separate Ghats for women, known as Janana Ghats, but now they are abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Mount Qingyuan is a mountain and national park protecting it, Fujian Province, located in the East China region of China.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is located about 3 km from Quanzhou city. The summit is 498 m above sea level.</p><br>
<h3>National park</h3><br>
<p>Mount Qingyuan National Park protects a total area of 62 km&sup2;. It includes three major scenic features, the namesake Mount Qingyuan, and Mount Ling and Mount Jiuri.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Qingyuan has been famous since the Tang dynasty of Imperial China. The earliest mention of Mount Qingyuan is from around 221-207 BCE. Rapid development of Mount Qingyuan began in 618-1279 CE, and reached its peak during 1297 to 1911.</p><br>
<p>The centuries of development on Mount Qingyuan has imprinted various important historical and cultural artifacts. Such examples include nine huge Taoist and Buddhist stone sculptures, 600 stone inscriptions, and 3 granite stones. This includes the "Four Superlatives": the stone statue of Laozi; the Vedic stone statues of Buddha for Three Lives; the holy Islamic tombs; and the "pray for wind stone" inscriptions.</p><br>
<p>The site also contains the shrine of Master Honyi.</p><br>
<p>The statue of Laozi is famed as being the largest stone carving of him made during the Song Dynasty. It is a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level; and measures 8.01m in length, 6.85m in width, and 5.63m in height, occupying an area of 55 square metres.</p><br>
<p>Aptekarsky Island  is a small island situated in the northern part of the Neva delta. It is separated from Petrogradsky Island by the Karpovka River, from Kamenny Island and Krestovsky Island by the Malaya Nevka and from the Vyborgskaya region of St-Petersburg by the Bolshaya Nevka. It has an area of approximately two square kilometres. The name is thought to originate from the Finnish Korpisaari - "The island with the slumbering forest" or Korppisaari - "Crow&#39;s Island".</p><br>
<p>Aptekarsky Island is connected to Petrogradsky Island by seven bridges: Aptekarsky Bridge, Petropavlovsky Bridge, Silyn Bridge, Geslerovsky Bridge, Karpovsky Bridge, Barochny Bridge and Molodyozhny Bridge. It is connected to Kamenny Island by Kamennoostrovsky Bridge and to the Vyborgskaya region by Kantemirovsky Bridge and Grenadersky Bridge.</p><br>
<p>In 1714, Tsar Peter I gave orders to transform the island into a headquarters for the Medical Clerical Office and the Main Pharmacy. The island&#39;s name, Aptekarsky, means pharmacy in Russian. On the southeastern part of the island, a garden was set up for the cultivation of medicinal herbs. Over time, it became the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden and eventually, the Komarov Botanical Institute was founded here.</p><br>
<p>The island expanded from medicinal herbs into medical devices with the founding of the first medical device laboratory. This laboratory has since become the firm Krasnogvardeets, which is based in St. Petersburg.</p><br>
<p>During the reigns of Paul I and Alexander I of Russia, the area became a resort destination as Russian aristocrats came to the island and built their country estates.</p><br>
<p>As the industrialization of the island grew, the 20th century brought apartment construction to house the new workers. A number of the apartment houses were designed by such renowned Russian architects as Vladimir Shuko, designer of the Russian State Library in Moscow, and Fyodor Lidval, designer of the Hotel Astoria in St. Petersburg.</p><br>
<p>A number of significant structures still stand on the island today including the First Lensoveta House (designed by Yevgeniy Levinson and Ivan Fomin), several buildings for television broadcast center (designed by Sergei Speransky), the television tower and the Youth Palace.</p><br>
<p>Major educational institutions include the Saint Petersburg State Electrotechnical University, Saint-Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy and the Experimental Medicine Institute of the Russian Academy of Medical Science. The St. Petersburg Hydro Meteorological Center is also located on the island.</p><br>
<p>Notable individuals associated with the island include:</p><br>
<p>*Ivan Pavlov - Physiologist who first described the pheomenon of classical conditioning</p><br>
<p>*Alexander Stepanovich Popov - Pioneer in the invention of the radio</p><br>
<p>*Feodor Chaliapin - Russian opera star</p><br>
<p>*Pyotr Stolypin - Prime Minister of Russia (1906-1911)</p><br>
<p>*Alexander Opekushin - Russian sculptor</p><br>
<p>*Pavel Filonov - Russian avant-garde painter</p><br>
<p>*Mikhail Anikushin - Russian sculptor</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Aptekarsky Ostrov, B. I. Gribanov, L. Y. Lurye, 1988, Lenisdat,</p><br>
<p>Rumbling Hole is a cave on Leck Fell, in Lancashire, England. Its entrance is a 50 m deep fenced shaft, and it rapidly descends a series of pitches to a low aqueous passage that has been connected to Lost Johns&#39; Cave. It is part of the Three Counties System, an 87 km cave system which spans the borders of Cumbria, Lancashire, and North Yorkshire.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The entrance shaft descends some 50 m, and the way on is through the water descending from Rumbling Beck Cave above into a fault passage. Four further pitches descend into a chamber to a low canal passage. Upstream gets too low after some 60 metres, but downstream has been forced round some awkward bends and through some ducks into Rumbling Hole Inlet in Lost Johns&#39; Cave. This section of cave is about 250 m long.</p><br>
<p>An alternative route begins from a passage entered a few metres below the west end of the entrance shaft. These passages are, in the main, tighter and more complex than the main route, but the main passage descends an alternative set of pitches to a sump which is believed to be the upstream sump of the inlet canal at the end of the main route. This set of passages, known as the Dead Dobbin Series is about 350 m long.</p><br>
<p>Rumbling Beck Cave is the source of the water which enters the entrance shaft 8 m below the surface at the east end. The normal entrance is where the stream sinks 50 m east of the Rumbling Hole. The main passage starts off as a crawl, but develops into a trench before reaching the shaft. A roof passage starting some 20 m from the end leads to an alternative window in the shaft. Rumbling Beck Cave is about 100 m long.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The cave is a solutional cave formed in Visean Great Scar limestone from the Mississippian Series of the Carboniferous period. Its development has been largely determined by the same vertical fault that may be observed in the nearby Deaths Head Hole and Big Meanie. The stream which flows through the cave enters Lost Johns Cave as a tributary, and eventually emerges from the Leck Beck Head spring in Ease Gill. It is thought that the current hydrology is relatively recent, and that some 350,000 years ago Rumbling Hole was a major sink that took water into now-blocked passages at the north end of the shaft, through East Passage and West Passage in Death&#39;s Head Hole and the passages associated with Glasfurds Chamber in Gavel Pot, and hence to a resurgence in the Leck Beck valley some 100 m above the current resurgence which is now covered with glacial till.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rumbling Hole was mentioned in 1842 by Jonathan Otley in his A Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes, and Adjacent Mountains. Balderstone described the entrance shaft in detail in 1881 in Ingleton - Bygone and Present, and plumbed it at 150 ft. He thought it an impressive place:</p><br>
<p>"There lay an abysmal gulf most certainly; but its head was festooned with long and trailing, or rather pendant locks of ivy. One could have wished to have been so beauteously enwreathed. The verge was adorned with holly, hawthorn, and bilberry, whilst rocks and ledges were carpetted with moss, polypody, blechnum, and oxalis, as well as other plants"</p><br>
<p>The first descent of the entrance shaft was by Yorkshire Ramblers Club in 1899, but they reported that the outlet finished in a pool. In 1926 a team from the same club penetrated the outlet fissure for some distance, but were discouraged by the poor weather. In 1931 a return trip saw the first of the underground pitches descended, and the first complete descent was made in June 1932. The bottom passage was forced through to Lost Johns Cave by a Lancaster University Speleological Society team in 1985. The Dead Dobbin Series was explored by the Misty Mountain Mud Miners in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Bonstelle Theatre is a theater operated by Wayne State University, and located at 3424 Woodward Avenue  in the Midtown Woodward Historic District of Detroit, Michigan. It was originally built in 1902 as the Temple Beth-El, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>When Rabbi Leo M. Franklin first began leading services at Detroits Temple Beth El in 1899, he felt that the construction of a new temple building on Detroits "Piety Row" stretch of Woodward would increase the visibility and prestige of Detroit&#39;s Jewish community. A site for the new temple was purchased in April of the next year, and Albert Kahn, a member of the congregation, was hired to design the building. Groundbreaking began on November 25, 1901, with the ceremonial cornerstone laid on April 23, 1902. The first services were held in the chapel on January 24, 1903, and the formal dedication was held on September 18–19 of the same year.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The temple is a Beaux-Arts structure influenced primarily by Roman and Greek temples. Sobocinski cites the Pantheon in Rome for comparison. There is a prominent dome over the main area of the temple, with gabled wings on the north and south. A pedimented extension on the front once extended into a porch; the front section of the building was lost when Woodward was widened.</p><br>
<h2>Later use</h2><br>
<p>When the Temple Beth El congregation built another building farther north along Woodward in 1922, they sold the building at Woodward and Eliot to Jessie Bonstelle for $500,000. Bonstelle hired architect C. Howard Crane to convert the building into a theater, naming the resulting building the Bonstelle Playhouse. In 1928, the Bonstelle Playhouse became the Detroit Civic Theatre, and in the 1930s became the Mayfair Motion Picture Theater. In 1951, Wayne State University rented the building as a performance space for its theater company, and purchased it outright in 1956, renaming it the Bonstelle Theatre in honor of Jessie Bonstelle.</p><br>
<p>Reb River  is a river of north-central Ethiopia which empties into Lake Tana at . The river originates on the slopes of Mount Guna, and flows west through Kemekem woreda. It has no significant tributaries.</p><br>
<p>R.E. Cheesman described the Reb in 1936 as bringing "down quantities of dark sand, and we passed banks of it deposited on the lake shore. The river bar, 600 yards out in the lake, is a semicircle, and parties of travellers with loaded donkeys were passing round it instead of crossing the river." Merchants based in Yifag would transport bars of salt or amoleh in small boats or tankwas down the Reb to Zege on the lake to trade for coffee.</p><br>
<p>The Reb was also the site of one of several stone bridges built during the time of the Jesuit missionaries or the reign of Fasilides. Consisting of five arches, it was located 24 km from the estuary and enabled travel between Gondar and Debre Tabor. During the Italian occupation, the Italians built a bridge over the river with wooden supports, but it was damaged during the British campaign.</p><br>
<p>On 21 June 2007, the World Bank announced that it had approved an International Development Association credit of US$100 million for an Irrigation and Drainage project covering the Magech and Reb rivers, as part of the Nile Basin Initiative. With the goal of increasing irrigated agricultural output, this proposed project will develop incrementally a total area of 20,000 hectares.</p><br>
<p>The former Temple Beth-El is a historic building located at 8801 Woodward Avenue  in Detroit, Michigan. It was built in 1921 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In 1921 Detroits Temple Beth El, under Rabbi Leo M. Franklins leadership, had outgrown its previous building at Woodward and Eliot. In addition, many members of the congregation had moved to areas such as Boston-Edison and Atkinson Avenue that did not proscribe Jewish residents. The congregation obtained a parcel of land near these neighborhoods at Woodward and Gladstone and engaged congregant Albert Kahn to design a new temple. The cornerstone for the new building was laid on September 20, 1921, with the dedication on November 10–12, 1922.</p><br>
<p>The Kahn-designed temple is a classical, flat-roofed structure built from limestone. On the facade facing Woodward, eight ionic columns form an enormous porch and frame three large pairs of doors. Along the facade facing Gladstone, eight tall, narrow are framed by massive piers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In early 1974, the Beth El congregation moved again, this time to Bloomfield Hills, and the building was sold to the Lighthouse Tabernacle, becoming known as the Lighthouse Cathedral. Little Rock Baptist Church owed the building from 2008 until 2014 and used it as a community center. In 2008, it was occupied by the Citadel of Faith Covenant Church.</p><br>
<p>In June 2010, the church became occupied by The Community Church of Christ, under the leadership of Pastor R.A. Cranford. In October 2013, Breakers Covenant Church International began leasing space for their worship services under the leadership of Pastor Aramis D. Hinds Sr. As of October 2014, Breakers Covenant Church International is now the new owner of this property.</p><br>
<p>As of 2017 the Detroit Beth El building is now known as the Bethel Community Transformation Center, owned by a multiracial and multireligious board of trustees which plans to make the building a theater, multi-religion center, and community center.</p><br>
<p>The original Columbian Elementary School is a former public elementary school located at 3819 Jones Street in Omaha, Nebraska. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Columbian School in 1990. It was declared an Omaha Landmark in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Originally opened in the 400th anniversary year of Christopher Columbus&#39;s voyage to the Americas, the school is a two-story building that was opened in 1892 and named in honor of the captain. According to the City of Omaha Landmarks Heritage Preservation Commission, "Columbian School is an excellent and rare example of the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture." Notable Omaha architect John Latenser, Sr. employed the style for many of the most important civic and commercial buildings constructed in Omaha in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Following a rehabilitation in 1992, the former school was converted to rental residential space using federal historic preservation tax credits.</p><br>
<p>When the original Columbian closed, the community requested its name be given to a new school.</p><br>
<p>Lost Johns&#39; Cave is an extensive cave system on Leck Fell, Lancashire, England. With its three major vertical routes  it is a popular place to practise single rope technique  because of the opportunity for exchange trips. Also it can be safely visited on wet days because many of the pitches can be rigged out of the water. It is an important part of the Three Counties System.</p><br>
<p>All routes converge on Battleaxe Streamway. From here the usual route is to shuffle along Battleaxe Traverse at a high level protected by rope, and descend a safe distance from the water. From here a short passage and another pitch leads to Groundsheet Junction where the Leck Fell Master Cave is entered.</p><br>
<p>Upstream leads to the high-level passages of Lyle Cavern and a connection with the Notts Pot system. The main streamway continues to the NPC Avens, where Boxhead Pot and It&#39;s a Cracker enter the system.</p><br>
<p>Downstream leads through several neck-deep pools past several inlets, including one which links with Rumbling Hole, and another which links to Death&#39;s Head Hole, to a sump which, after 800 m, connects with Pippikin Pot.</p><br>
<p>The Bradford–Pettis House is a historic house located at 400 South 39th Street in Midtown Omaha, Nebraska. It was designated an Omaha Landmark on February 26, 1980, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>About</h2><br>
<p>The Bradford–Pettis House is a combination of Prairie School and Georgian Revival architecture. Interior amenities include leaded and stained glass, and inlaid wood and tile-faced fireplaces. Mrs. Bradford Pettis was a paternal aunt of Gerald R. Ford, Jr., who was born Leslie Lynch King, Jr. in Omaha in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The house later became an antiques store and a Montessori educational center. In 1981, it became the House of Montessori. In 1982 the house was the Omaha Symphony&#39;s Designer Showhouse.</p><br>
<p>Irish Bend Covered Bridge is a wooden covered bridge near Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It was constructed in 1954 and originally spanned the Willamette Slough on Irish Bend Road near Monroe. However, in 1975 Irish Bend Road was realigned and the bridge fell into a state of disrepair. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It was eventually dismantled in 1988 to make way for a more modern concrete span. Through negotiations with Benton County and Oregon State University , an agreement was reached to reconstruct the bridge on university property. $30,000 was raised by the Irish Bend Advisory Committee, and Benton County provided an additional $30,000 to fund the project, which was completed in 1989. Due to the relocation, the bridge was removed from the National Register in 1989. It was relisted in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Today, the bridge is part of a path through the research farm between 35th and 53rd Streets on the west side of the OSU campus, spanning Oak Creek. Although the property is owned by the university, maintenance is carried out by the Benton County Parks Department.</p><br>
<p>Carruthers Peak, formerly Curruthers Peak, a mountain in the Main Range of the Great Dividing Range, is located in Snowy Mountains region in southeast New South Wales, Australia. The peak is situated between Mount Lee and Mount Twynam within the Kosciuszko National Park.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 2,145 m above sea level, Carruthers Peak is the seventh-highest peak in mainland Australia.</p><br>
<p>It was named after Joseph Carruthers, a Premier of New South Wales, who, while he served as Minister for Lands, facilitated the building of the Summit Road to Mount Kosciuszko. It can be easily accessed, with the Main Range walk going straight up it.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The area around it contains patches of the rare windswept feldmark ecotope. Due to a century of grazing on the Main Range, the area around it was heavily eroded. From the 1950s Soil Conservation Service undertook an extensive program of rehabilitation of the vegetation of the Carruthers Peak–Mount Twynam area using bitumen, wire netting and bales of straw. It lies on a vein of shale running south-southeast through the predominant granite.</p><br>
<p>The solarCity is an energy-saving living district in Linz-Pichling, Austria, which provides living space for about 4,000 people. The houses were built using a low-energy design. The idea and motivation for providing energy efficient living arrangements stems from the fact that fossil fuels contribute to global warming and that their use should therefore be avoided.</p><br>
<p>Planning of the project began in 1992. Since 1999, 1,300 apartments were gradually built during a 6-year period. The total cost of the project amounted to 190 million euros. Nearly two-thirds of which was used for the residential building, and only a third of the total cost was due to infrastructure.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>In the centre of the town lie a bank, a supermarket, a tobacconist&#39;s and a coffee house. Community issues are being handled by the staff of the district office and the pastoral care/meeting centre. Children are taken care of in the family centre consisting of a kindergarten, a primary school and high school. A nursery will also be built in the future. In the north of solarCity there is also a recreational area. Since September 2005, the solarCity has been connected to the tram network. Using the public transport network it is possible to get to the city centre of Linz in less than 30 minutes.</p><br>
<h2>Supply and disposal</h2><br>
<h3>Energy supply</h3><br>
<p>At least one-third of the hot water used in the solarCity is generated by solar energy. The remaining two-thirds are covered by district heating (A district heating plant can provide higher efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers).</p><br>
<h3>Sewage water disposal</h3><br>
<p>The wastewater will be disposed and treated in the separation system. While Gray water is locally managed through a sand bed filter planted and then led to a creek in the neighborhood, the black water is processed conventionally using a gravity sewer of the sewage treatment plant of the city Asten.</p><br>
<p>Part of the wastewater will be separated across special toilets and collected in separate sewers. This nutrient-rich fluid is utilized as fertiliser in agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Larger quantities of rain water have special channels or can be fed into the raceway in north of the solarCity.</p><br>
<p>The Kleine Emme is a river of the canton of Lucerne, Switzerland, a left tributary of the Reuss extending for 58 km, draining a basin of 477 km². It is not to be confused with the Emme of the canton of Berne.</p><br>
<p>The Kleine Emme rises as the Waldemme in the southwestern corner of the canton of Obwalden, n the Brienzer Rothorn massif at the Emmensprung (), flowing north-west along the Mariental, past Sörenberg. Turning north, it enters the Entlebuch region, where it is joined by the Weissemme near Schüpfheim and by the Entlen at Entlebuch.</p><br>
<p>After receiving the Fontannen, it turns to the east at Wolhusen where it is joined by the Wigger and later by the Rümlig. From here, it flows parallel to the Pilatus chain, past Malters, joining the Reuss at Emmen, 2 km downstream of Lake Lucerne ().</p><br>
<p>Aji River is one of the main rivers of saurashtra , Gujarat State. It is called the lifeline of Rajkot City and separates Rajkot in east-west parts. There are four dams on Aji River, the water from which is used for agriculture and as drinking water.</p><br>
<h2>Purification Project</h2><br>
<p>Rajkot Municipal Corporation has started project for the purification of Aji River and to provide retaining walls and plantations at both ends. Originating from the hilly areas of Sardhar and Hingolgadh, it has a length of 250 km and flows into the Gulf of Kutch. Some of the major tributaries of Aji are the Nyari, Khokaldadi, Bhankudi & Dondi rivers originating from the hills of Sardhar near Atkot. There are major irrigation projects on Aji, but none of them support any canal system for irrigation.</p><br>
<p>Lunna Ness is a peninsula in the north east of Mainland, Shetland, in the parish of Lunnasting near Vidlin. The island of Lunna Holm is nearby. The Shetland Bus operation during World War II used this area as a base.</p><br>
<p>The Stanes of Stofast is a 2,000 tonne glacial erratic that came to rest on a prominent hilltop.</p><br>
<p>The Lunnasting stone is a monolith bearing an ogham inscription discovered in the area and donated to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland in 1876. It was found by Rev. J.C. Roger in a cottage, who stated that the stone had been unearthed from a "moss" (i.e. a peat bog) in April 1876, having been originally discovered five feet (1.5 m) below the surface.</p><br>
<p>Lunna Ness is a Site of Special Scientific Interest based on the abundance of the otter population.</p><br>
<p>Lunna House is a 17th-century laird&#39;s house, noted for having "the best historic designed landscape in Shetland". In the 20th century it was used as a base of the wartime Shetland Bus operation.</p><br>
<p>Hadley Mountain is a mountain located in the southern Adirondacks of the USA state of New York and is the second highest peak in Saratoga County after neighboring Tenant Mountain. The Hadley Mountain Fire Observation Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 23, 2001 for its role as a Fire lookout tower with the New York State Forest Preserve. Hadley Mountain is the highest of the three peaks that form the West Mountain ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Town of Hadley, Saratoga County, New York, the trailhead parking area is located approximately 1.5 miles along Tower Road, which off branches from Hadley Hill Road. Trailhead parking can accommodate 10-15 vehicles.</p><br>
<p>Parking and trail head coordinates are: 43.3738874, -73.9506113.</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>The only trail begins from the trailhead parking area next to an Historic Marker and begins an immediate climb. The hiking register is reached within a couple of dozen yards of leaving the trailhead. A moderate climb following red trail markers leads through woodland on a mostly bedrock trail. Crossing back and forth over a small creek (dry in summer), the trail continues steeply past interesting boulders and cliffs to a level shoulder at about 1.0 mile. Following this brief gentle section the trail steepens and continues mostly on bedrock to the summit. Outstanding panoramas can be viewed from clearings along the final 0.5 mile to the summit, and from the summit itself.At the summit, a firetower affords a commanding 360 degree panorama, taking in Great Sacandaga Lake, the surrounding southern Adirondacks and the High Peaks of the Adirondacks.</p><br>
<p>Descent is via the same trail.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Roundtop Mountain may be reached via a 0.8m bushwhack from the summit of Hadley Mountain by heading NNE. In Winter this is a popular snowshoe trail due to access and length of trail to summit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Significant fires in the early 1900s resulted in the first fire tower being built in 1916. This wooden tower was replaced with a steel tower in 1920, followed by a staffed cabin for a ranger. The tower was decommissioned in 1990 as the forest service shifted to a combination of aerial surveillance and reporting by local citizens. The tower was restored by volunteers in 1996, and may be manned in summer months by a steward who will answer questions from hikers. A historical marker was added to the site in 1999 detailing a brief history of the tower.</p><br>
